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[Follow-up of patients treated by VKA: Interest of a pharmaceutical link between the hospital and the retail pharmacies].

Ann Pharm Fr. 2017 Jan;75(1):45-53

Authors: Bidon D, Lecoeur A, Segui E, Seguette N, Le Mercier F, Bauler S

Abstract
Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are used by 1,7% of the French population. Patient education and monitoring can decrease the number of iatrogenic hospitalizations due to VKA. We assessed the impact of a communication between hospital and retail pharmacists about patient's knowledge on VKA. The aim of our study has been to evaluate the value added by the link between the hospital pharmacist and the community pharmacist on the follow-up of patients treated by vitamin K antagonist. Patient information about VKA treatment is offered to inpatients in our hospital. An information form is filled for each patient treated by VKA. Patient's knowledge is assessed on the document (Name of VKA, cause of treatment, monitoring, risks of overdose, compliance…). This form is sent to the community pharmacist after the training when the patient leaves the hospital (by fax or by email). The form is sent back by the community pharmacist after the second training. Sixty-eight patients received the training, 48 forms have been sent to the retail pharmacists and 43 forms have been sent back to the hospital. Seven retail pharmacists replied spontaneously. Twenty-eight patients increased their knowledge (in average+21%) and 12 patients stabilized their knowledge. The best-known concepts were the INR target, the time of drug intake, the risks of overdose and the information of the family. The improvement of knowledge is significant for the name of VKA, the cause of treatment, efficacy assessment and signs of overdose. The implementation of a communication between the hospital and the retail pharmacies is time-consuming but the follow-up of those patients seems essential to keep a good knowledge.

PMID: 27234455 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Rapamycin: An InhibiTOR of Aging Emerges From the Soil of Easter Island.

J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2016 Jul;71(7):841-9

Authors: Arriola Apelo SI, Lamming DW

Abstract
Rapamycin (sirolimus) is a macrolide immunosuppressant that inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein kinase and extends lifespan in model organisms including mice. Although rapamycin is an FDA-approved drug for select indications, a diverse set of negative side effects may preclude its wide-scale deployment as an antiaging therapy. mTOR forms two different protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2; the former is acutely sensitive to rapamycin whereas the latter is only chronically sensitive to rapamycin in vivo. Over the past decade, it has become clear that although genetic and pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 extends lifespan and delays aging, inhibition of mTORC2 has negative effects on mammalian health and longevity and is responsible for many of the negative side effects of rapamycin. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular and physiological effects of rapamycin treatment, and we discuss how the use of alternative rapamycin treatment regimens or rapamycin analogs has the potential to mitigate the deleterious side effects of rapamycin treatment by more specifically targeting mTORC1. Although the side effects of rapamycin are still of significant concern, rapid progress is being made in realizing the revolutionary potential of rapamycin-based therapies for the treatment of diseases of aging.

PMID: 27208895 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Etiology and pathogenesis of dental erosion.

Quintessence Int. 2016 Apr;47(4):275-8

Authors: Kanzow P, Wegehaupt FJ, Attin T, Wiegand A

Abstract
The condition of dental erosion is defined as acid-related loss of tooth structure which does not involve microorganisms. Depending on the origin of the acid, extrinsic (usually caused by acids in food) and intrinsic (caused by endogenous acid) erosion can be distinguished. The presence and severity of erosive defects depend on various parameters such as nutrition, saliva, general diseases, and mechanical stress by abrasion and attrition. As an example, dietary habits which involve frequent intake of acidic food and beverages, occupational acid exposure, as well as certain drugs or diseases that affect saliva flow rate are accompanied by an increased risk of erosive dental hard tissue defects. By a thorough clinical examination and an accurate anamnesis, various erosion-related risk factors can be identified and strategies to reduce or eliminate these factors be identified.

PMID: 27022647 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Absence of human herpesvirus 6B detection in association with illness in children undergoing cancer chemotherapy.

J Med Virol. 2016 Aug;88(8):1427-37

Authors: Goldfarb J, Borges N, Gowans LK, Kohn D, Worley S, Li L, Yen-Lieberman B, Lach D, Danziger-Isakov L, Yee-Guardino S, Trunick C, Pellett PE

Abstract
The lymphotropic herpesviruses, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) can reactivate and cause disease in organ transplant recipients; the contributions of HHV-6A and HHV-7 to disease are less certain. Less is known about their pathogenic roles in children undergoing treatment for malignancies. Children with newly diagnosed cancer were followed for 24 months. Clinical information and blood samples were collected during routine visits and during acute visits for fever or possible viral infections. Lymphotropic herpesvirus DNA in blood was measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although HHV-6B DNA was detected at least once in about half of the patients; the other viruses were seldom detected. There was no association between HHV-6B detection and individual acute clinical events, however, HHV-6B detection was more common in children who experienced more frequent acute clinical events. In children being treated for various malignancies, HHV-6B detection was common, but was not associated with individual events of acute illness. Thus, if HHV-6B is not assessed longitudinally, clinical events may be misattributed to the virus. The elevated frequency of detection of HHV-6B in sicker children is consistent with prior reports of its detection during apparently unrelated acute clinical events. J. Med. Virol. 88:1427-1437, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

PMID: 26815906 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Notice NOT-EB-17-009 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts

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Funding Opportunity RFA-RM-17-029 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The Common Fund Program - Accelerating Translation of Glycoscience: Integration and Accessibility - aims to develop accessible and affordable new tools and technologies for studying carbohydrates that will allow biomedical researchers to significantly advance our understanding of the roles of these complex molecules in health and disease. This program will enable investigators who might not otherwise conduct research in the glycosciences, to undertake the study of carbohydrate structure and function.

Funding Opportunity RFA-RM-17-030 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The Common Fund Program - Accelerating Translation of Glycoscience: Integration and Accessibility - aims to develop accessible and affordable new tools and technologies for studying carbohydrates that will allow biomedical researchers to significantly advance our understanding of the roles of these complex molecules in health and disease. This program will enable investigators who might not otherwise conduct research in the glycosciences, to undertake the study of carbohydrate structure and function.

Funding Opportunity PA-17-449 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to stimulate research in the interplay between cell death pathways in nave and drug resistant cancers. Regulated cell death, especially apoptosis and necroptosis, are natural barriers that restrict malignant cells from surviving and disseminating. Evasion of cell death mechanisms is one of the hallmarks of cancer contributing to tumor progression, metastases and resistance to therapy. Recent studies show that the machinery to activate different forms of cell death coexists in cells but the crosstalk of cell death pathways in cancer has not been systematically studied. Research into the intersection of cell death programs will allow for better defining markers of cell death pathway at the molecular level and offers the possibility that the specific mediators of cell survival may be inhibited and/or the mediators of cell death enhanced, driving nave and drug resistant cancer cells toward effective cell death.

Funding Opportunity PA-17-440 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to stimulate research in the interplay between cell death pathways in nave and drug resistant cancers. Regulated cell death, especially apoptosis and necroptosis, are natural barriers that restrict malignant cells from surviving and disseminating. Evasion of cell death mechanisms is one of the hallmarks of cancer contributing to tumor progression, metastases and resistance to therapy. Recent studies show that the machinery to activate different forms of cell death coexists in cells but the crosstalk of cell death pathways in cancer has not been systematically studied. Research into the intersection of cell death programs will allow for better defining markers of cell death pathway at the molecular level and offers the possibility that the specific mediators of cell survival may be inhibited and/or the mediators of cell death enhanced, driving nave and drug resistant cancer cells toward effective cell death.

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Funding Opportunity RFA-CA-17-049 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is associated with the Beau Biden Cancer MoonshotSM Initiative that is intended to accelerate cancer research. The purpose of this FOA is to promote research on fusion oncoproteins in childhood cancers. Specifically, this FOA targets the following area designated as a scientific priority by the Blue Ribbon Panel (BRP): Recommendation E. Intensify research on the major drivers of childhood cancers: Improve our understanding of fusion oncoproteins in pediatric cancer and use new preclinical models to develop inhibitors that target them. The goal of this FOA is to establish a consortium of collaborating research teams to advance our understanding of the biology and mechanisms of action of fusion oncoproteins in pediatric cancers, and to apply this knowledge towards developing targeted therapeutic approaches. Increased attention to this important but understudied field can help overcome existing barriers to progress and pave the way to novel therapeutic approaches with increased efficacy and fewer side effects than current options. The research teams comprising the Fusion Oncoproteins in Childhood Cancers (FusOnC2) Consortium will take a comprehensive approach to understanding the biology of fusion oncoproteins in childhood cancers and will use this information to inform strategies for therapeutic targeting.

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Funding Opportunity RFA-DA-18-015 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this RFA is to promote research investigating the underlying mechanisms by which opioids including prescription drugs exacerbate HIV-associated neuropathic pain. Results from these studies may help obtain information for developing safe and effective treatments of neuropathic pain for HIV-infected patients exposed to opioids.