Hum Gene Ther. 2025 Jun 9. doi: 10.1089/hum.2025.105. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40489367 | DOI:10.1089/hum.2025.105

Mol Biol Rep. 2025 Jun 9;52(1):571. doi: 10.1007/s11033-025-10683-0.

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative clinical pathogen, particularly affecting immunocompromised patients, those with cystic fibrosis, and burn victims. It causes chronic infections, especially in hospital settings, and is a significant contributor to nosocomial infections. Its capacity to create biofilms resistant to antibiotics is the reason for its infamous persistence in clinical settings. P. aeruginosa infections can affect any area of the body because the bacteria's biofilm enables it to stick to any surface, living or non-living. One of the primary clinical challenges in treating P. aeruginosa biofilm is its noteworthy resistance to many classes of antibiotics. The bacterium's ability to acquire resistance through efflux pumps, beta-lactamase production, and genetic mutations complicates treatment options. Recently, multidrug- resistant (MDR) strains of P. aeruginosa are becoming increasingly prevalent, limiting the efficacy of traditional antibiotics and leading to the need for alternative therapies. There is an ongoing need for novel treatment options, including bacteriophage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, and vaccines. The rapid adaptability of P. aeruginosa and its ability to develop resistance underscores the importance of continued research into new therapeutic strategies. This review discusses the various therapeutic strategies like; antimicrobial therapy, targeting efflux pumps and biofilms of P. aeruginosa, phage therapy, immunotherapy and nanotechnology to explore the mechanisms, through which antimicrobial compounds interact with biofilm structures and the bacteria within.

PMID:40488994 | DOI:10.1007/s11033-025-10683-0

Acta Pharm Sin B. 2025 May;15(5):2301-2322. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2025.03.023. Epub 2025 Mar 13.

ABSTRACT

Alternative splicing (AS) serves as a fundamental regulatory mechanism in gene expression, contributing to proteomic diversity by generating an array of mRNA isoforms from precursor mRNA via distinct splice site combinations. In light of the limited therapeutic options currently available, the exploration of AS as a target for drug development is of paramount importance. This review offers an exhaustive analysis of the biological functions and underlying molecular mechanisms associated with various AS-induced splice variants, RNA-binding proteins, and cis-elements, highlighting their significance as clinical biomarkers. We place particular emphasis on the current therapeutic applications of AS in an array of lung diseases, including but not limited to lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, silicosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The review delves into the role of AS events in the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases, focusing on the regulatory influence of splicing factors and RNA-binding proteins, while also enumerating the mutated components implicated in AS misregulation. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate mechanisms governing these splicing events could potentially offer novel avenues for the development of splicing-targeted therapeutics and diagnostic tools for the prevention and treatment of lung diseases.

PMID:40487667 | PMC:PMC12145001 | DOI:10.1016/j.apsb.2025.03.023

Gastro Hep Adv. 2025 Feb 8;4(6):100640. doi: 10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100640. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Constipation in patients with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) is a debilitating symptom and, in its most severe forms, is associated with distal intestinal obstruction syndrome. This study aims to characterize the relationship between constipation during hospitalization and the symptoms, complications, and associated health-care costs of constipation in the National Inpatient Sample database.

METHODS: National Inpatient Sample was queried for discharges in the general population and PwCF from the years 2015-2019. Using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes, hospitalized PwCF were matched with the general population on the Charlson comorbidity index, markers of hospitalization severity, and demographics. Subsequently, both were split into 2 cohorts: one with comorbid constipation and one without. Study outcomes were adjusted for gastrointestinal comorbidities, age, sex, and indication for admission.

RESULTS: Of 135,860 discharges, constipation was present in 14.0% in PwCF and 5.6% in the general population with average total charges of $104,270 and length of stay (LOS) of 8.8 days. Constipation was independently associated with increased LOS (1.22 days, standard error [SE] 0.21) and total charges ($14,280, SE $12,308) among PwCF, despite undergoing a similar number of endoscopic procedures (-0.02 SE 0.06). These findings were unchanged on subgroup analysis for sex and indication for hospitalization. Subgroup analysis showed a persistent association of higher costs with constipation in those with pancreatic insufficiency but not those with pancreatic sufficiency ($22,053 vs $493) despite a similar LOS.

CONCLUSION: Comorbid constipation in hospitalized PwCF was independently associated with increased LOS and costs. The association worsened in those with pancreatic insufficiency.

PMID:40487277 | PMC:PMC12138891 | DOI:10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100640

Genes Dis. 2024 Dec 25;12(5):101506. doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2024.101506. eCollection 2025 Sep.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40485979 | PMC:PMC12142528 | DOI:10.1016/j.gendis.2024.101506

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2025 Jun 9. doi: 10.1002/jpn3.70107. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Interest is growing in the use of blended diets (BD) in children with gastrostomy. Evidence supporting the benefits of BD is conflicting, with limited data to assist physicians in clinical practice. The present survey aims to evaluate current use of BD in children and adolescents with gastrostomy.

METHODS: An online survey evaluating the use of BD in children with gastrostomy was sent to members of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition with expertise on gastrointestinal motility. The questions assessed clinical indications, level of experience, preferred diet composition, and clinical outcomes.

RESULTS: We collected 26 questionnaires filled out by members from 13 different countries. Most of the respondents (84.6%) are pediatric gastroenterologists, with 69.2% visiting gastrostomy patients on a daily/weekly basis. The majority of the sample (61.5%) declares to use BD, but only in selected conditions, and only 38.5% reports an advanced experience with BD. The main reason for BD prescription is parental request (53.8%). In addition, 57.7% prefers homemade BD compared to only 15.4% that relies on commercial BD. Finally, 69.2% states to find an impact on gastrointestinal symptoms. Positive clinical outcomes are reported for vomiting (61.1%), constipation (50%), nausea (38.9%), and bloating (38.9%). The main reason for not using BD is the non-standard nutritional composition.

CONCLUSIONS: BD are commonly used in clinical practice. However, due to the lack of conclusive evidence and well-designed studies, there is great variability in diet composition and clinical indications. Given the increasing demand from caregivers and the potential positive outcomes, further studies are needed to provide insights and guide healthcare professionals in their clinical practice.

PMID:40485512 | DOI:10.1002/jpn3.70107

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2025 Jun 6:106810. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2025.106810. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Vitamin D deficiency is a common pathology in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) due to the malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamin D plays an integral role in bone health and lung immunity; therefore, treating deficiencies is a clinical priority in PwCF. Highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) improves the function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein that is altered in PwCF, resulting in improved lung function and fat absorption. However, the impact of HEMT on restoring vitamin D status, a fat-soluble vitamin, has not been fully elucidated. We retrospectively examined serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) up to ten years prior in 89 young adults with CF classified based on current HEMT use (yes or no). We used two-way ANOVA to evaluate trends in both groups. Both HEMT users (n=68) and HEMT non-users (n=21) on average exhibited decreased serum 25(OH)D levels over ten years (-14.2ng/mL (SI 35.4 nmol/L) and -14ng/mL (SI 34.9 nmol/L) respectively), with no difference in change between the two groups (p=0.44). This suggests that HEMT may not correct vitamin D status in PwCF. Further large scale prospective studies are needed to comprehensively investigate the relationship between vitamin D and HEMT.

PMID:40484046 | DOI:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2025.106810

Microbiome. 2025 Jun 7;13(1):140. doi: 10.1186/s40168-025-02143-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Acute pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) are associated with increased morbidity and earlier mortality for people living with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). The most common causes of PEx in CF are by bacterial infection and concomitant inflammation leading to progressive airway damage. To draw attention to the seriousness of PEx they have been labelled as 'lung attacks', much like a 'heart attack' for acute myocardial infarction. Treatment typically starts when a pwCF presents with worsening respiratory symptoms. Hence, there is a pressing need to identify indicative biomarkers of PEx onset to allow more timely intervention. Set within an ecological framework, we investigated temporal microbiota dynamics to connect changes in the lung microbiota of pwCF to changes in disease states across a PEx event.

RESULTS: Species-time relationships (STR) describe how the richness of a community changes with time, here STRs were used to assess temporal turnover (w) within the lung microbiota of each pwCF (n = 12, mean sample duration 315.9 ± 42.7 days). STRs were characterised by high interpatient variability, indicating that turnover and hence temporal organization are a personalized feature of the CF lung microbiota. Greater turnover was found to be significantly associated with greater change in lung function with time. When microbiota turnover was examined at a finer scale across each pwCF time series, w-values could clearly be observed to increase in the exacerbation period, then peaking within the treatment period, demonstrating that increases in turnover were not solely a result of perturbations caused by PEx antibiotic interventions. STR w-values have been found to have a remarkable degree of similarity for different organisms, in a variety of habitats and ecosystems, and time lengths (typically not exceeding w = 0.5). Here, we found w-values soon increased beyond that. It was therefore possible to use the departure from that expected norm up to start of treatment to approximate onset of PEx in days (21.2 ± 8.9 days across the study participants).

CONCLUSIONS: Here, we illustrate that changes in turnover of the lung microbiota of pwCF can be indicative of PEx onset in considerable advance of when treatment would normally be initiated. This offers translational potential to enable early detection of PEx and consequent timely intervention. Video Abstract.

PMID:40483501 | DOI:10.1186/s40168-025-02143-5

J Cyst Fibros. 2025 Jun 6:S1569-1993(25)01487-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2025.05.006. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: People with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) often have fecal dysbioses relative to those without CF, characterized by increased pro-inflammatory microbiota and gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation as measured by fecal calprotectin, suggesting that inflammation contributes to CF GI disease. The multicenter observational PROMISE study (NCT04038047) found that calprotectin decreased in PwCF treated with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI). To better understand the dynamics between fecal dysbiosis and GI inflammation, we characterized the microbiomes of fecal samples from PROMISE and the relationships with calprotectin before, 1-month post, and 6-months post ETI.

METHODS: Fecal microbiota from participants ≥12 y/o were determined by shotgun metagenomic sequencing with random forest modeling and multivariate linear regression analysis to define relationships between microbiota, calprotectin, and deltaF508 genotype before and after ETI.

RESULTS: We analyzed 345 samples from 124 participants. At baseline, we observed community-level differences in the fecal microbiota among participants with abnormal compared to normal calprotectin. With ETI, the relative abundances of 7 bacterial species - Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium scindens, Enterocloster clostridioformis, Clostridium butyricum, Anaeroglobus geminatus, and Ruminococcus gnavus - decreased significantly, correlating with calprotectin decrease. We detected community-level differences in the fecal microbiota based on CFTR genotype and a distinct pattern of microbiota change in F508del homozygous compared to heterozygous participants after ETI.

CONCLUSIONS: We identified 7 species for which fecal abundances decreased with ETI and correlated with calprotectin decrease, supporting a close relationship between fecal microbiota and inflammation in PwCF. Future work will define these relationships with metabolites and GI symptoms during long-term ETI therapy.

PMID:40483244 | DOI:10.1016/j.jcf.2025.05.006

Respir Med. 2025 Jun 5:108200. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108200. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To present reference data for nocturnal oximetry (NOx) in infants without respiratory disorders and evaluate their diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing moderate-to-severe upper airway obstruction (UAO) from mild/no UAO.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Infants (aged 1-12 months) without respiratory disease hospitalized for common disorders (e.g. gastroenteritis) underwent NOx (reference). Infants with and without UAO who had NOx were included as validation group. Abnormal basal SpO2 (<10th percentile for age), oxygen desaturation (≥3%) index (ODI3) (>90th percentile), cumulative nocturnal hypoxemia score (>90th percentile) and McGill oximetry score (MOS) (>1) were assessed as predictors of UAO requiring intervention (moderate-to-severe UAO).

RESULTS: Of 187 infants without respiratory disorder and with NOx, 138 (73.8%) had acceptable tracings. Basal SpO2 was not age-related (P=.877; 10th percentile >95%), while ODI3 and cumulative nocturnal hypoxemia score decreased with age (P<.001). MOS>1 likelihood diminished with age (OR 0.72 [0.59-0.86]; P <.001). For reference validation, 20 infants without respiratory disorder underwent NOx, and NOx of 77 infants with UAO were analyzed retrospectively (32.5% required intervention post-NOx). Although NOx parameters values in UAO and reference groups partially overlapped, abnormal ODI3, cumulative nocturnal hypoxemia score and MOS were associated with increased odds of moderate-to-severe UAO (OR [95%CI]: 5.33 [1.93-14.71] for ODI3-10s (≥10s desaturation duration); 3.57 [1.27-9.99]; and 5.98 [1.82-19.69], respectively). MOS>1 outweighed ODI3-10s in sensitivity for moderate-to-severe UAO detection (80.0% [95%CI: 60.9%-91.1%) vs. 52.0% [95%CI: 32.4%-71.6%]; P=.040).

CONCLUSION: Frequent desaturations are common in infants with UAO, but also in those without respiratory disorder. Clusters of desaturations (MOS>1) represent an acceptable index of moderate-to-severe UAO.

PMID:40482919 | DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108200

J Immunother Cancer. 2025 Jun 5;13(6):e010714. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2024-010714.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Local anesthetics promote anticancer immune responses. A machine learning-based algorithm trained with information on the biological effects and molecular descriptors of analgesics, anesthetics, hypnotics and opioids predicted antitumor effects for dexmedetomidine (DEX). DEX is a sedative acting as an alpha2-adrenoceptor (ADRA2) agonist. Based on these premises, we investigated the putative antineoplastic effects of DEX.

RESULTS: In vitro, DEX promoted premortem stresses such as autophagy and partial endoplasmic reticulum stress with the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha and the inhibition of the splicing of X-box binding protein 1. DEX elicited the biomarkers of immunogenic cell death, including the release of ATP and high-mobility group box 1 protein, and the cell surface exposure of calreticulin, enhancing the engulfment of malignant cells by dendritic cells. In immunocompetent mice, DEX decreased the progression of colorectal cancers, fibrosarcomas, mammary carcinomas and melanomas, as it improved overall survival. These effects were inhibited by the ADRA2 antagonist yohimbine, suggesting that DEX mediates its anticancer effects at least in part on-target. Depending on the specific tumor model, DEX also enhanced the cytotoxic T cell/regulatory T cell ratio in the tumor bed and draining lymph nodes. Programmed cell death protein 1 blockade tended to improve DEX effects. After rechallenge with antigenically identical cells, no tumor appeared, indicating the formation of immunological memory.

CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the machine learning-predicted anticancer activity of DEX. Beyond its utility as a sedative agent in oncological intensive care, DEX may improve anticancer immunosurveillance and sensitize tumors to immune checkpoint blockade.

PMID:40480656 | DOI:10.1136/jitc-2024-010714

J Heart Lung Transplant. 2025 Jun 4:S1053-2498(25)02025-X. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2025.05.018. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Defining a transplant candidate's suitable functional status and potential for rehabilitation is complex. Six-minute walk distance (6MWD) criteria are used in candidacy assessment and pre-transplant quadriceps strength may be a predictor of rehabilitation potential. The study aims were to determine if candidates pre-transplant 6MWD and quadriceps strength are independent factors associated with post-transplant 6MWD and, compare the trajectory in 6MWD and quadriceps strength in candidates from initial assessment to waitlisting and from waitlisting to transplanted (or delisted/died).

METHODS: An observational repeated measures design was used. 6MWD and QS% were recorded at initial assessment, waitlisting, bi-monthly reassessments until transplanted/delisted/died and 2-, 6- 13- 26- and 52-weeks following transplantation.

RESULTS: 342 (192 males; mean (±SD) age 51±14 years; 119 COPD, 93 IIP, 72 cystic fibrosis and 58 other) were studied. Recipients had a mean increase in 6MWD of 170±127 m (p<0.001) at 52-weeks post. Weekly 6MWD recovery was greater during the 2- and 6-week period (β 21.73, p<0.001) compared to the 6- to 52-week period (β 1.28, p<0.001). In the 2- to 6-weeks after transplantation, greater pre-transplant 6MWD (p<0.001), stronger pre-transplant QS% (p=0.001), shorter post-operative hospital admission (p<0.001) and cystic fibrosis (vs other) were factors associated with a greater 6MWD. In the 6- to 52-weeks after transplantation, stronger QS% value at corresponding time (p<0.001), younger recipients (p<0.001) and greater 2-week post-transplant 6MWD (p<0.001) were factors associated with a greater 6MWD. Pre-transplant 6MWD decreased by -0.059m (p<0.001) and QS% increased by 0.014% (p<0.001) per day between initial assessment to waitlisting (n=287).

CONCLUSIONS: Pre-transplant 6MWD and quadriceps strength are independent factors associated with recovery in exercise capacity after lung transplantation. However, candidates had a marked deterioration in 6MWD, but quadriceps strength had improved while being worked up for waitlisting. Quadriceps strength along with 6MWD should be considered when determining a candidate's lung transplant suitability.

PMID:40480321 | DOI:10.1016/j.healun.2025.05.018

Mol Pharm. 2025 Jun 6. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00118. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Lung diseases remain a leading cause of mortality globally, posing a substantial challenge to public health. Conditions such as asthma, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are highly prevalent and of increasing concern due to their rising incidence in recent years. The recent global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has further highlighted the urgent need for more effective therapeutic approaches to combat pulmonary diseases. In this context, growing interest in nanotechnology for pulmonary drug delivery has emerged, driven by its potential to enable localized treatment, reduce dosages, provide controlled release, enhance drug solubility, and improve bioavailability. Among the various nanomaterials explored, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)─a copolymer of lactic and glycolic acids─has gained regulatory approval as a safe, biodegradable, and biocompatible carrier, with an extended-release profile, making it an ideal candidate for the development of nanostructured drug delivery systems. Multiple methodologies are available for synthesizing PLGA nanoparticles tailored to pulmonary administration, supported by a wide array of devices designed to cater to individual patient needs. This review seeks to evaluate the advantages of PLGA-based nanoparticles for pulmonary drug delivery, with a focus on their potential to enhance inhalation therapy formulations.

PMID:40479726 | DOI:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00118

Clin Chem Lab Med. 2025 Jun 9. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2025-0433. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The sweat test is used as a biological marker of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction, but there is growing recognition that sweat chloride concentrations of people with cystic fibrosis (CF) can overlap with those without CF. There are also people without CF whose symptoms are caused by abnormalities of CFTR. To support clinical decisions, the sweat chloride test conducted appropriately should provide consistent results between laboratories and common decision limits should be used. International consensus guidelines now recommend a standard set of clinical decision limits for sweat chloride, with values between 30 and 59 mmol/L, as the intermediate result for all ages. It is therefore timely to update the Australasian guideline decision limits to align with international consensus guidelines and peak body recommendations. At the same time, the technical aspects for performance of the sweat chloride test should be reviewed. This paper updates (and replaces) the guideline for the performance of the sweat chloride test that were last published by the AACB in 2017. This freely available guideline was developed to support Australasian laboratories, and laboratories from other regions, with the accurate performance of sweat chloride testing. The guideline provides 16 recommendations for the performance of the sweat chloride test encompassing the total testing process. Previous recommendations related to sweat conductivity testing have been removed from this guideline. The sweat chloride decision limits of ≥30 mmol/L support a review by a CF physician for all age groups. Sweat chloride concentrations of ≥60 mmol/L are supportive of a diagnosis of CF.

PMID:40476459 | DOI:10.1515/cclm-2025-0433

Int J Cardiol Congenit Heart Dis. 2025 May 5;20:100590. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2025.100590. eCollection 2025 Jun.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40475704 | PMC:PMC12140042 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijcchd.2025.100590

IUBMB Life. 2025 Jun;77(6):e70031. doi: 10.1002/iub.70031.

ABSTRACT

Over 7000 rare diseases have been described, collectively affecting 350 million people worldwide. Most of these conditions result from nonsense mutations, representing approximately 10% of all genetic mutations associated with human inherited diseases. Nonsense mutations convert a sense codon into a premature termination codon (PTC), leading to premature translation termination and the production of truncated, nonfunctional proteins. This results in a loss-of-function phenotype in many genetic disorders, contributing to the disease's severity and progression. The molecular mechanisms of PTC formation involve various genetic alterations, including single-nucleotide changes, frameshifts, and splicing mutations. The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway degrades mRNAs containing premature termination codons (PTCs). In contrast, 25% of PTC mRNAs, depending on the PTC position and cellular context, can evade NMD, resulting in the synthesis of truncated proteins. A termination codon during translation is essential for proper protein synthesis, and translational readthrough-a process in which the ribosome bypasses the PTC and reaches the natural stop codon-may restore some level of protein function. The effectiveness of readthrough depends on the surrounding genetic context and the type of amino acid incorporated at the PTC position. This review aims to explore the molecular characteristics of nonsense-related diseases (NRDs), including cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, Fabry disease, choroideremia, Usher syndrome, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, and certain hereditary neuropathies and cancers.

PMID:40474765 | DOI:10.1002/iub.70031

Expert Rev Respir Med. 2025 Jun 5. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2025.2517302. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a lung disorder that arises in individuals with asthma or cystic fibrosis due to an exaggerated immune response to Aspergillus fumigatus. It leads to mucus plugging, recurrent exacerbations, and progressive bronchiectasis. Despite established diagnostic criteria, ABPA remains underdiagnosed, primarily due to its overlap with severe asthma and limited clinical awareness. Evolving insights into immunopathogenesis and the emergence of targeted therapies have begun to transform the management of ABPA.

AREAS COVERED: We discuss the current evidence on immunopathogenesis, treatment, and monitoring of ABPA in asthma. The review covers established and emerging therapies, including systemic glucocorticoids, oral triazoles (such as itraconazole), inhaled antifungals, and biological agents. We provide practical guidance for initiating treatment based on disease phenotype and discuss treatment monitoring using clinical symptoms, serum biomarkers, chest imaging, and lung function tests.

EXPERT OPINION: The management of ABPA is poised for a paradigm shift toward precision medicine. Future strategies will likely be driven by international registries, biomarker discovery using omics-based platforms, and the identification of endotype- and phenotype-specific treatments. Randomized trials comparing biologic therapies, combination approaches using antifungals and biologics, and the development of inhaled antifungal delivery systems are likely to reshape the management of ABPA.

PMID:40474578 | DOI:10.1080/17476348.2025.2517302

Eur Respir J. 2025 Jun 5;65(6):2500778. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00778-2025. Print 2025 Jun.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40473307 | DOI:10.1183/13993003.00778-2025

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2025 Jun 3:112302. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112302. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Fear of hypoglycemia limits sports in type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Diabrasport glycemic management algorithms over a week with three real-life exercise sessions.

METHODS: A multicentre non-inferiority study including 43 adults with T1D using insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitoring was conducted over three one-week periods: rest, exercise with personal insulin algorithms (PersonalAlgo), and exercise with Diabrasport insulin algorithms (DiabraAlgo). The exercise period consisted of three sessions of 45-60 min per week of physical activity. DiabraAlgo included: (i) 100% basal rate reduction for intense post-absorptive exercise, (ii) 80% basal rate reduction during moderate exercise in the post-absorptive period and for two hours afterwards, and (iii) 50% prandial bolus reduction for moderate postprandial exercise.

RESULTS: Hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL) was not more frequent with DiabraAlgo (0.88 ± 0.62) during exercise than during rest (1.03 ± 0.61) (95 % CI - 0.04 to 0.33, non-inferiority margin 0.35, p < 0·001). No difference was found between PersonalAlgo and DiabraAlgo in post-absorptive exercise, but during moderate postprandial exercise, DiabraAlgo resulted in less time in hypoglycemia (6.1 ± 9.8 % vs. 10.5 ± 12.8 %, p < 0.05) and fewer hypoglycemic episodes (1.0 ± 1.1 vs. 1.4 ± 1.3, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: DiabraAlgo enables an effective adaptation of insulin levels during exercise promoting their immediate applicability for individuals with T1D.

PMID:40473027 | DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112302

Am J Gastroenterol. 2025 Jun 5. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000003571. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40471859 | DOI:10.14309/ajg.0000000000003571