9 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"cystic fibrosis"

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/03/08

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

9 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"cystic fibrosis"

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/03/07

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

8 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"cystic fibrosis"

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/03/05

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Small airway dysfunction in well-treated never-smoking HIV-infected individuals.

Eur Respir J. 2017 Mar;49(3):

Authors: Ronit A, Mathiesen IH, Gelpi M, Benfield T, Gerstoft J, Pressler T, Christiansen A, Lundgren J, Vestbo J, Dam Nielsen S

PMID: 28254767 [PubMed - in process]

Impaired rib bone mass and quality in end-stage cystic fibrosis patients.

Bone. 2017 Feb 22;98:9-17

Authors: Mailhot G, Dion N, Farlay D, Rizzo S, Bureau NJ, Jomphe V, Sankhe S, Boivin G, Lands LC, Ferraro P, Ste-Marie LG

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Advancements in research and clinical care have considerably extended the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. However, with this extended survival come comorbidities. One of the leading co-morbidities is CF-related bone disease (CFBD), which progresses with disease severity and places patients at high risk for fractures, particularly of the ribs and vertebrae. Evidence that CF patients with vertebral fractures had higher bone mineral density (BMD) than the nonfracture group led us to postulate that bone quality is impaired in these patients. We therefore examined rib specimens resected at the time of lung transplant in CF patients to measure parameters of bone quantity and quality.
METHODS: In this exploratory study, we analysed 19 end-stage CF and 13 control rib specimens resected from otherwise healthy lung donors. BMD, bone microarchitecture, static parameters of bone formation and resorption and microcrack density of rib specimens were quantified by imaging, histomorphometric and histological methods. Variables reflecting the mineralization of ribs were assessed by digitized microradiography. The degree of bone mineralization (g/cm(3)) and the heterogeneity index of the mineralization (g/cm(3)) were calculated for trabecular and cortical bone.
RESULTS: Compared to controls, CF ribs exhibited lower areal and trabecular volumetric BMD, decreased trabecular thickness and osteoid parameters, and increased microcrack density, that was particularly pronounced in specimens from patients with CF-related diabetes. Static parameters of bone resorption were similar in both groups. Degree of mineralization of total bone, but not heterogeneity index, was increased in CF specimens.
CONCLUSION: The combination of reduced bone mass, altered microarchitecture, imbalanced bone remodeling (maintained bone resorption but decreased formation), increased microdamage and a small increase of the degree of mineralization, may lead to decreased bone strength, which, when coupled with chronic coughing and chest physical therapy, may provide an explanation for the increased incidence of rib fractures previously reported in this population.

PMID: 28254466 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

The fate of inhaled antibiotics after deposition in cystic fibrosis: How to get drug to the bug?

J Cyst Fibros. 2017 Jan;16(1):13-23

Authors: Bos AC, Passé KM, Mouton JW, Janssens HM, Tiddens HA

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic airway infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are most often treated with inhaled antibiotics of which deposition patterns have been extensively studied. However, the journey of aerosol particles does not end after deposition within the bronchial tree.
OBJECTIVES: To review how local conditions affect the clinical efficacy of antibiotic aerosol particles after deposition in the airways of patients with CF.
METHODS: Electronic databases were searched from inception to September 2015. Original studies describing the effect of CF sputum or bacterial factors on antibiotic efficacy and formulations to increase efficacy were included.
RESULTS: 35 articles were included which mostly described in vitro studies and mainly investigated aminoglycosides. After deposition, diffusion through the mucus layer was reduced for aminoglycosides, β-lactam antibiotics and fluoroquinolones. Within CF mucus, low oxygen tension adversely affected aminoglycosides, β-lactam antibiotics, and chloramphenicol; and molecules inactivated aminoglycosides but not β-lactam antibiotics. Finally, the alginate layer surrounding Pseudomonas aeruginosa was an important factor in the resistance against all antibiotics.
CONCLUSIONS: After deposition in the airways, the local efficacy of inhaled antibiotics can be reduced by molecules within CF mucus and the alginate layer surrounding P. aeruginosa.

PMID: 28254026 [PubMed - in process]

Anesthesia for Patients with Concomitant Hepatic and Pulmonary Dysfunction.

Anesthesiol Clin. 2016 Dec;34(4):797-808

Authors: Diaz GC, O'Connor MF, Renz JF

Abstract
Hepatic function and pulmonary function are interrelated with failure of one organ system affecting the other. With improved therapies, patients with concomitant hepatic and pulmonary failure increasingly enjoy a good quality of life and life expectancy. Therefore, the prevalence of such patients is increasing with more presenting for both emergent and elective surgical procedures. Hypoxemia requires a thorough evaluation in patients with end-stage liver disease. The most common etiologies respond to appropriate therapy. Portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome are associated with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. It is incumbent on the anesthesiologist to understand the physiology of liver failure and its early effect on pulmonary function to ensure a successful outcome.

PMID: 27816135 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Longitudinal sampling of the lung microbiota in individuals with cystic fibrosis.

PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0172811

Authors: Whelan FJ, Heirali AA, Rossi L, Rabin HR, Parkins MD, Surette MG

Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) manifests in the lungs resulting in chronic microbial infection. Most morbidity and mortality in CF is due to cycles of pulmonary exacerbations-episodes of acute inflammation in response to the lung microbiome-which are difficult to prevent and treat because their cause is not well understood. We hypothesized that longitudinal analyses of the bacterial component of the CF lung microbiome may elucidate causative agents within this community for pulmonary exacerbations. In this study, 6 participants were sampled thrice-weekly for up to one year. During sampling, sputum, and data (antibiotic usage, spirometry, and symptom scores) were collected. Time points were categorized based on relation to exacerbation as Stable, Intermediate, and Treatment. Retrospectively, a subset of were interrogated via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. When samples were examined categorically, a significant difference between the lung microbiota in Stable, Intermediate, and Treatment samples was observed in a subset of participants. However, when samples were examined longitudinally, no correlations between microbial composition and collected data (antibiotic usage, spirometry, and symptom scores) were observed upon exacerbation onset. In this study, we identified no universal indicator within the lung microbiome of exacerbation onset but instead showed that changes to the CF lung microbiome occur outside of acute pulmonary episodes and are patient-specific.

PMID: 28253277 [PubMed - in process]

Imaging the Abdominal Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis.

Int J Hepatol. 2017;2017:5128760

Authors: Gillespie CD, O'Reilly MK, Allen GN, McDermott S, Chan VO, Ridge CA

Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease with a range of abdominal manifestations including those involving the liver, pancreas, and kidneys. Recent advances in management of the respiratory complications of the disease has led to a greater life expectancy in patients with CF. Subsequently, there is increasing focus on the impact of abdominal disease on quality of life and survival. Liver cirrhosis is the most important extrapulmonary cause of death in CF, yet significant challenges remain in the diagnosis of CF related liver disease. The capacity to predict those patients at risk of developing cirrhosis remains a significant challenge. We review representative abdominal imaging findings in patients with CF selected from the records of two academic health centres, with a view to increasing familiarity with the abdominal manifestations of the disease. We review their presentation and expected imaging findings, with a focus on the challenges facing diagnosis of the hepatic manifestations of the disease. An increased familiarity with these abdominal manifestations will facilitate timely diagnosis and management, which is paramount to further improving outcomes for patients with cystic fibrosis.

PMID: 28250993 [PubMed - in process]

Over-the-scope-clip closure of long lasting gastrocutaneous fistula after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube removal in immunocompromised patients: A single center case series.

World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2017 Feb 16;9(2):85-90

Authors: Heinrich H, Gubler C, Valli PV

Abstract
Over-the-scope-clips (OTSC(®)) have been shown to be an effective and safe endoscopic treatment option for the closure of gastrointestinal perforations, leakages and fistulae. Indications for endoscopic OTSC(®) treatment have grown in number and also include gastro cutaneous fistula (GCF) after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube removal. Non-healing GCF is a rare complication after removal of PEG tubes and may especially develop in immunosuppressed patients with multiple comorbidities. There is growing evidence in the literature that OTSC(®) closure of GCF after PEG tube removal is emerging as an effective, simple and safe endoscopic treatment option. However current evidence is limited to the geriatric population and short standing GCF, while information on closure of long standing GCF after PEG tube removal in a younger population with significant comorbidities is lacking. In this retrospective single-center case-series we report on five patients undergoing OTSC(®) closure of chronic GCF after PEG tube removal. Four out of five patients were afflicted with long lasting, symptomatic fistulae. All five patients suffered from chronic disease associated with a catabolic metabolism (cystic fibrosis, chemotherapy for neoplasia, liver cirrhosis). The mean patient age was 43 years. The mean dwell time of PEG tubes in all five patients was 808 d. PEG tube dwell time was shortest in patient 5 (21 d). The mean duration from PEG tube removal to fistula closure in patients 1-4 was 360 d (range 144-850 d). The intervention was well tolerated by all patients and no adverse events occured. Successful immediate and long-term fistula closure was accomplished in all five patients. This single center case series is the first to show successful endoscopic OTSC(®) closure of long lasting GCF in five consecutive middle-aged patients with significant comorbidities. Endoscopic closure of chronic persistent GCF after PEG tube removal using an OTSC(®) was achieved in all patients with no immediate or long-term complications. OTSC(®) is a promising endoscopic treatment option for this condition with a potentially high immediate and long term success rate in patients with multiple comorbidities.

PMID: 28250901 [PubMed - in process]

9 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"cystic fibrosis"

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/03/02

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

10 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"cystic fibrosis"

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/03/01

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

6 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"cystic fibrosis"

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/02/28

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

8 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"cystic fibrosis"

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/02/27

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

11 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"cystic fibrosis"

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/02/26

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

7 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"cystic fibrosis"

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/02/24

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

6 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"cystic fibrosis"

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/02/23

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

16 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"cystic fibrosis"

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/02/22

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Association of rhinovirus with exacerbations in young children affected by cystic fibrosis: Preliminary data.

J Med Virol. 2017 Feb 18;:

Authors: Stelzer-Braid S, Liu N, Doumit M, D'Cunha R, Belessis Y, Jaffe A, Rawlinson WD

Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) is a common respiratory viral infection linked to worsening of chronic respiratory diseases including cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma. RV was tested by RT-PCR in samples (n = 465) collected from the upper (nasal swab, oropharyngeal suction and sputum) and lower (bronchoalveolar washings) respiratory tract of 110 children with CF. Air samples (n = 52) collected from the operating theatres and outpatient clinics were tested for RV. RV was found in 43% of children <5 years suffering an exacerbation, and 12% of older children (5-17 years). RV particles were detected in the air of clinic rooms. Detection of RV is important in better understanding viral infections in patients with CF. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 28213960 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Insulin signaling via the PI3K/Akt pathway regulates airway glucose uptake and barrier function in a CFTR-dependent manner.

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2017 Feb 17;:ajplung.00364.2016

Authors: Molina SA, Moriarty HK, Infield DT, Imhoff BR, Vance RJ, Kim AH, Hansen JM, Hunt WR, Koval M, McCarty NA

Abstract
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is the most common co-morbidity associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) and correlates with increased rates of lung function decline. Since glucose is a nutrient present in the airways of patients with bacterial airway infections and since insulin controls glucose metabolism, the effect of insulin on CF airway epithelia was investigated to determine the role of insulin receptors and glucose transport in regulating glucose availability in the airway. The response to insulin by human airway epithelial cells was characterized by qPCR, immunoblot, immunofluorescence, and glucose uptake assays. PI3K/Akt signaling and CFTR activity were analyzed by pharmacological and immunoblot assays. We found that normal human primary airway epithelial cells expressed the Glut4 transporter and that application of insulin stimulated cytochalasin B inhibitable glucose uptake consistent with a requirement for glucose transporter translocation. Application of insulin to normal primary human airway epithelial cells promoted airway barrier function as demonstrated by increased transepithelial electrical resistance and decreased paracellular flux of small molecules. This provides the first demonstration that airway cells express insulin-regulated glucose transporters that act in concert with tight junctions to form an airway glucose barrier. However, insulin failed to increase glucose uptake or decrease paracellular flux of small molecules in human airway epithelia expressing F508del-CFTR. Insulin stimulation of Akt1 and Akt2 signaling in CF airway cells was diminished compared to that observed in airway cells expressing wild-type CFTR. These results indicate that the airway glucose barrier is regulated by insulin and is dysfunctional in CF.

PMID: 28213469 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]