Respir Med. 2025 Jul 11:108251. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108251. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40653279 | DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108251

Oncoimmunology. 2025 Dec;14(1):2533494. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2025.2533494. Epub 2025 Jul 12.

ABSTRACT

Recent findings reveal that macrophages actively control clearance by desialylating target cells via NEU1 and releasing cathepsin-cleaved calreticulin (CALR) to mark them for phagocytosis. This uncovers a dual role for CALR as immune activator or repressor, depending on its form and context, with distinct implications for cancer immunity.

PMID:40650935 | PMC:PMC12258218 | DOI:10.1080/2162402X.2025.2533494

J Cyst Fibros. 2025 Jul 11:S1569-1993(25)01523-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2025.06.009. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) show a higher rate of osteoporosis compared to healthy adults. Achieving proper adult bone mass is a process starting in childhood. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, course in time and risk factors for decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in youth with CF.

METHODS: Anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and endocrine data were collected in 106 children and adolescents with CF. BMD Z-scores were adjusted for height (BMD Z-score). At risk and low BMD were defined as Z-scores ≤ -1 and ≤ -2, respectively. Multivariable analyses were performed for change in BMD Z-scores in 65 patients with a second DXA available.

RESULTS: At baseline, overall normal median (IQR) BMD Z-scores were found (-0.02 (-0.85 - 0.55) and -0.01 (-0.72 - 0.82) for lumbar spine (LS) and total body less head (TBLH) respectively). In 6.6 % and 2.8 % of patients low BMD Z-scores were found for LS and TBLH. At follow-up, significant decreases in BMD Z-scores at both LS and TBLH were identified (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001). The decrease in TBLH BMD Z-scores was higher in boys than girls (p < 0.001). New onset of CFRD (β = -0.493, p = 0.002) was a negative predictor for the change in TBLH BMD Z-score.

CONCLUSION: Most children and adolescents with CF have normal BMD Z-scores. However a significant decrease in BMD Z-scores over time is already seen during childhood, especially in boys and in those with newly onset CFRD.

PMID:40651855 | DOI:10.1016/j.jcf.2025.06.009

Nucleic Acids Res. 2025 Jul 8;53(13):gkaf675. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaf675.

ABSTRACT

Nonsense mutations arise from single nucleotide substitutions that result in premature termination codons (PTCs). PTCs result in little to no full-length protein production and decreased mRNA stability due to the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. We provide evidence that anticodon-edited (ACE-) tRNAs efficiently suppress the most prevalent cystic fibrosis (CF)-causing PTCs, promoting significant rescue of endogenous cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) transcript abundance and channel function in different model systems. We show that our best-performing ACE-tRNA, which decodes all UGA PTCs to a leucine amino acid, markedly rescues CFTR function from the most prevalent CF-causing PTCs, all of which arose from nonleucine encoding codons. Using this single ACE-tRNA variant, we demonstrate significant rescue of CFTR function in an immortalized airway cell line and two different primary CF patient-derived intestinal cell models with CFTR nonsense mutations. Further, we demonstrate that leucine substitution CFTR variants are highly functional. Thus, ACE-tRNAs have promise as a platform therapeutic for CF and other nonsense-associated diseases.

PMID:40650978 | DOI:10.1093/nar/gkaf675

J Crohns Colitis. 2025 Jul 12:jjaf122. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaf122. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40650933 | DOI:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaf122

Arch Osteoporos. 2025 Jul 12;20(1):91. doi: 10.1007/s11657-025-01578-5.

ABSTRACT

In this study, we used routine ultra-low dose computed tomography scans of patients with cystic fibrosis to predict bone mineral density (BMD). A strong correlation was found between the attenuation of trabecular bone in thoracic vertebrae and the BMD in the proximal femur and lumbar spine as measured on DEXA.

PURPOSE: Osteoporosis is a serious global health concern with millions of people affected worldwide. A particularly vulnerable cohort in developing osteoporosis are patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Bone mineral density (BMD) is typically measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning; however, this comes at a cost to the healthcare system and an exposure to ionising radiation. In our institution, patients with cystic fibrosis undergo routine ultra-low dose computed tomography (ULDCT) for monitoring of disease progression. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of estimating BMD using data derived from ULDCT scans.

METHODS: Adult CF patients were included if they had undergone a routine ULDCT scan within 12 months of a DEXA scan. Additionally, 100 non-CF patients with non-contrast standard dose CT scans were selected to act as the control group. Trabecular bone density (T-BD) at T4, T7 and T10 was measured on PACS in Hounsfield units (HU) and compared to DEXA scan results and a formula developed to the predict BMD.

RESULTS: Fifty-two female and 62 male patients were included with mean ages of 34.4 and 35.1 respectively. Moderately strong correlation was found between the T-BD and BMD of both the lumbar spine (r = 0.629, p < 0.001) and proximal femur (r = 0.649, p < 0.001). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis found a sensitivity and specificity of 0.700 and 0.714 respectively at predicting osteoporosis at T-BD of 193.33 HU or below.

CONCLUSION: T-BD measured on ULDCT may be a valuable tool in the early identification of CF patients at risk of osteoporosis.

PMID:40650818 | DOI:10.1007/s11657-025-01578-5

J Clin Med. 2025 Jul 7;14(13):4778. doi: 10.3390/jcm14134778.

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Although patients with bronchiectasis tend to have obstructive nonreversible lung functions, some have bronchodilator response (BDR), and a relatively large number are treated with bronchodilators. We assessed BDR in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and other bronchiectatic diseases and healthy controls (HCs) in a randomized controlled setup. Methods: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and non-CF non-PCD bronchiectasis (non-CF/PCD), as well as HCs, were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to receive salbutamol (four puffs) and then a placebo or a placebo and then salbutamol. BDR was calculated using the American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) standard, defined as the change related to the individual's predicted value (new method) or to the initial value (old method). Results: Sixty-nine patients (CF = 30, PCD = 20, non-CF/PCD = 19) and 20 HCs were included. Patients with CF and PCD (but not non-CF/PCD) had a statistically greater mean response to salbutamol compared with the placebo, (CF-salbutamol first: 2.82 vs. 0.85%, p = 0.01; placebo first: 2.39 vs. -0.27%, p = 0.02; PCD-salbutamol first: 5.32 vs. 1.88%, p = 0.01; placebo first: 2.24 vs. 0.77%, p = 0.05). Few patients had significant BDR (new method, >10%)-CF (0), PCD (2), non-CF/PCD (0) and HCs (2)): using the old method, an additional PCD patient and three non-CF/PCD had significant BDR (>12%). Conclusions: Significant BDR seems to be rare in patients with bronchiectasis. In CF and PCD, the response was greater than the placebo; the clinical significance of this difference and its therapeutic implications, as well as the best method to determine BDR, have yet to be determined.

PMID:40649152 | DOI:10.3390/jcm14134778

J Clin Med. 2025 Jun 30;14(13):4625. doi: 10.3390/jcm14134625.

ABSTRACT

Highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) has been available for adults and young adults aged 12 years and over with cystic fibrosis for approximately 5 years, with real-world evidence (RWE) emerging that confirms the significant impacts of these novel medications in older patient groups. As licensing has been extended to younger children (2 years and above in some jurisdictions), we summarize the clinical experience of these medications in pre-school and school-aged children and compare how changes in the objective markers of the disease can be elucidated in younger children. We also discuss the different incidences and severity of side effect profiles, the efforts to mediate these in younger children, and the particular challenges in introducing novel medications into pediatrics. We speculate on the use of HEMT in younger infants and its potential use in prenatal care.

PMID:40648998 | DOI:10.3390/jcm14134625

Diagnostics (Basel). 2025 Jun 29;15(13):1661. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15131661.

ABSTRACT

Background:Exophiala dermatitidis is a dematiaceous, thermotolerant, yeast-like fungus increasingly recognized as an opportunistic pathogen in chronic airway diseases. While commonly associated with cystic fibrosis, its clinical significance in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) remains unclear. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 66-year-old immunocompetent woman with a history of breast cancer in remission and NCFB, who presented with chronic cough and dyspnea. Chest CT revealed bilateral bronchiectasis with new pseudonodular opacities. Bronchoalveolar lavage cultures identified E. dermatitidis, along with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Given clinical stability and the absence of systemic signs, initial therapy included oral voriconazole, levofloxacin, doxycycline, and inhaled amikacin. Despite persistent fungal isolation on repeat bronchoscopy, the patient remained asymptomatic with stable radiologic and functional findings. Antifungal therapy was discontinued, and the patient continued under close monitoring. The patient exhibited clinical and radiological stability despite repeated fungal isolation, reinforcing the hypothesis of persistent colonization rather than active infection. Discussion: This case underscores the diagnostic challenges in distinguishing fungal colonization from true infection in structurally abnormal lungs. In NCFB, disrupted mucociliary clearance and microbial dysbiosis may facilitate fungal persistence, even in the absence of overt immunosuppression. The detection of E. dermatitidis should prompt a comprehensive evaluation, integrating clinical, radiologic, and microbiologic data to guide management. Voriconazole is currently the antifungal agent of choice, though therapeutic thresholds and duration remain undefined. Conclusions: This report highlights the potential role of E. dermatitidis as an under-recognized respiratory pathogen in NCFB and the importance of a multidisciplinary, individualized approach to diagnosis and treatment. This case underscores the need for further research on fungal colonization in NCFB and the development of evidence-based treatment guidelines. Further studies are needed to clarify the pathogenic significance, optimal management, and long-term outcomes of E. dermatitidis in non-CF chronic lung diseases.

PMID:40647660 | DOI:10.3390/diagnostics15131661

Nutrients. 2025 Jun 20;17(13):2057. doi: 10.3390/nu17132057.

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To describe the results of nutritional and morphofunctional assessment in a cohort of adults with cystic fibrosis; to evaluate differences in nutritional status between patients with and without exocrine and/or endocrine pancreatic involvement. Methods: Cross-sectional study: A cohort of adults with cystic fibrosis evaluated in a multidisciplinary unit was analyzed. Pancreatic status was examined, and malnutrition was diagnosed according to GLIM criteria. Morphofunctional assessment consisted of nutritional ultrasound, bioelectrical impedance, handgrip dynamometry, and anthropometry. Qualitative variables are expressed as n (%), quantitative variables as median (IQR). For group comparisons, Fisher's exact test was used for qualitative variables and the non-parametric median comparison test for quantitative variables. Results: n = 101 participants were recruited, of whom 44 (43.6%) were women. Median age was 33 (25-40.5) years. A total of 64 participants (63.4%) had exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), 44 (43.6%) had endocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and 28 (27.7%) had cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD). Median BMI was 23.4 (20.1-24.89) kg/m2. A total of 48 patients (47.5%) were malnourished. Males with EPI had a higher prevalence of undernourishment than those without (56.4% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.005), but not women. CFRD patients displayed no differences in morphofunctional assessment. Conclusions: Almost half the sample was undernourished using GLIM criteria. Males with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency had worse nutritional status. Endocrine pancreatic involvement did not affect nutritional status.

PMID:40647163 | DOI:10.3390/nu17132057

Pulm Ther. 2025 Jul 11. doi: 10.1007/s41030-025-00303-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator modulators (CFTRm) have transformed CF care, shifting treatment from only managing symptoms to also addressing the underlying defects that cause CF. CFTRm first entered clinical practice in 2012 and was followed by additional CFTRm combinations-including the approval of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA) in 2019-which treats most CF genotypes.

METHODS: We identified peer-reviewed literature for a narrative review (January 1990 to January 2025) describing longitudinal trends in CF survival and age of death and assessing the influence of CFTRm, particularly ELX/TEZ/IVA. To supplement the existing literature, a secondary analysis of historical, longitudinal trends in the United States CF Foundation Patient Registry (U.S. CFFPR, 1990-2023) was conducted using recent available data.

RESULTS: Quantitative data from published studies show that the median age of survival and death increased over time but with varying magnitudes across regions. Most cohort and registry-based studies were conducted in settings where CFTRm were not yet widely available, limiting the evaluation of CFTRm effects on survival trends over time. In the secondary U.S. CFFPR analysis, the median survival age increased from 29.0 years in 1990 to 38.6 years in 2012 prior to the introduction of CFTRm and to 68.0 years in 2023, demonstrating substantial improvement following the introduction of CFTRm. Linear regression analyses showed gains in median survival age increased from 0.48 years per year prior to CFTRm to 4.79 years per year after approval of ELX/TEZ/IVA in 2019.

CONCLUSIONS: Study results provide initial evidence of the impact of CFTRm to meaningfully improve survival. Longer-term follow-up data across geographies will provide a deeper understanding of the full impact of CFTRm on predicted CF survival and mortality.

PMID:40646419 | DOI:10.1007/s41030-025-00303-4

Acad Radiol. 2025 Jul 10:S1076-6332(25)00622-1. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2025.06.042. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Hyperpolarized 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can sensitively detect subtle abnormalities in subjects with pulmonary disease. In this work, we assess lung disease progression and treatment response to Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor in patients with cystic fibrosis.

METHODS: 18 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients underwent a longitudinal study: nine subjects (8.7±2.4years, 3M/6F) initiated lumacaftor/ivacaftor therapy (48±51days post-Visit 1), and 9 (15.3±4.3years, 5M/4F) served as controls. Spirometry, multiple breath washout (Lung Clearance Index, LCI2.5), and 129Xe MRI were acquired at baseline, short-term (6±3months), and long-term (15±4months) follow-ups. Changes in spirometry measurements, LCI, ventilation defect percentage (VDP), and defect distribution index (DDI) assessed by 129Xe MRI, were compared between groups using non-parametric tests.

RESULTS: The control group was significantly older (P=0.0028) and trended toward higher initial VDP (14.7±8.1% vs 6.9±6.0%) and DDI (14.4±24.7 vs 4.7±4.3). Baseline spirometry and LCI showed no differences between groups. In the treatment group, VDP and DDI remained stable after treatment (ΔVDP12= -0.56±2.1%, ΔDDI12= 1.1±4.0) but the change was significantly lower than in controls (ΔVDP12= 2.75±2.82%, P=0.018; DDI12= 8.88±7.42, P=0.007). From Visit-2 to Visit-3, VDP increased significantly in the treatment group (ΔVDP23 = 3.33±2.79%, P=0.025) versus controls (ΔVDP23= -1.7±4.8%). No significant changes occurred in spirometry or LCI.

CONCLUSION: 129Xe MRI demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting functional changes between pediatric CF patients on and off modulator therapy. In the short term, 129Xe ventilation measures remained stable with modulator therapy and demonstrated declines in the 2 years following. These findings highlight 129Xe MRI's potential as a valuable clinical tool for monitoring lung function and disease progression, even with small cohorts of patients.

PMID:40645890 | DOI:10.1016/j.acra.2025.06.042

J Cyst Fibros. 2025 Jul 11:S1569-1993(25)01527-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2025.07.004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: With evolving Cystic Fibrosis (CF) phenotypes resulting from changes to clinical management, healthier dietary practices are warranted for many people with CF. Whilst diet composition is reported, diet quality data is lacking in CF. This study aims to evaluate dietary intakes and diet quality in adults with CF via guideline comparison and a validated diet quality index.

METHODS: Cross-sectional study of Irish adults with CF. Demographic questionnaires and three-day food diaries were completed. Healthy Eating Index - 2020 (HEI-2020) assessed diet quality. Data was statistically analysed in SPSS®.

RESULTS: Of n = 68 participants (female: 58.8 %, age: 35.2 ± 10.1 years, FEV1%: 77.4 ± 25.1 %), 36.8 % were overweight/obese and 77.6 % pancreatic insufficient. While median (interquartile range) percentage estimated average requirement (EAR) was 110.1 (45.3) %, 50.0 % of participants were below CF energy requirements (110 % EAR). Mean percentage total energy intake (%TEI) protein (18.0 ± 3.9 %) aligned to dietary reference values (DRV). %TEI carbohydrates (44.1 ± 6.5 %) was below, and %TEI fat (37.1 ± 5.4 %), saturated fat (14.1 ± 3.3 %) and sugar (17.4 ± 5.6 %) exceeded DRV. Median vitamin A intake was adequate [936.6 (1005.2) µg], but vitamin D [3.6 (4.3) µg], E (9.6 ± 5.2 mg) and K1 [31.1 (71.2) µg] intakes were insufficient without supplementation. Regarding Irish healthy eating guidelines, 95.6 % of participants overconsumed energy-dense nutrient poor (EDNP) foods, with 76.5 % below vegetables, salad and fruit intake guidelines. Participants' mean HEI-2020 score (0-100) was 59.3 ± 12.4.

CONCLUSION: Findings indicate suboptimal diet quality. Despite reliance on EDNP foods, many did not achieve energy targets. Moving forward, emphasis on diet quality is of paramount importance to improve overall health in people with CF.

PMID:40645855 | DOI:10.1016/j.jcf.2025.07.004

Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Jul 9:117127. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2025.117127. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Although remarkable rescue has been achieved for treatment of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) by the combination of two correctors (VX-661, VX-445) and one potentiator (VX-770), the stability and trafficking defects induced by the most common mutation, F508del, are not completely reverse. Therefore, more effective CFTR correctors are still needed. We employed in silico and molecular modelling approaches to design and probe the binding site of novel series of CFTR correctors (a-c). Structure-based studies allowed us to design and synthesize novel class I (b series) and class II (a series) modulators. Thus, class I modulator activity relies on interactions with Met152, Phe81, Phe191, Trp361. The design of class II corrector could be managed via NBD2-ligand H-bonds, involving Gln1291 or Val1288. Furthermore, c compounds were proposed featuring putative dual corrector ability (2c) and class II corrector behavior (1c). Functional measurements in F508del-CFTR CFBE cells and primary nasal epithelial cells demonstrated that eight of fourteen compounds acted as CFTR correctors and the F508del-CFTR rescue was comparable to the level measured after VX-809 or VX-445 treatment in CFBE cells. Through rational selection based on molecular docking studies and mechanisms of action, we showed that combination of compounds (7a+1b and 2a+2b) targeting distinct domains of CFTR, can additively/synergistically rescue F508del-CFTR function in both CFBE cell line and primary nasal cells. Our study demonstrated that in silico and in vitro approaches to develop and investigate the mechanism of action of novel CFTR correctors could be a tool to optimize the combination correctors therapy to synergistically rescue mutated CFTR.

PMID:40645602 | DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2025.117127

Respir Med. 2025 Jul 9:108238. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108238. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by variants in both copies of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, with F508del (p.Phe508del) being the most common variant. While CFTR modulators have revolutionized treatment, their efficacy is mutation-specific, leaving patients with rare variants like N1303K without approved therapeutic options. We present the case of a 21-year-old female with severe CF due to homozygosity for the N1303K variant. Faced with rapid clinical decline and ineligibility for approved therapies, a forskolin-induced swelling assay (FIS) on her intestinal organoids demonstrated a significant response to the triple CFTR modulator therapy Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI). Off-label ETI was initiated, resulting in improved pulmonary function, reduced exacerbations, and better quality of life. Despite initial progress with ETI, the patient experienced three hospitalizations over five months due to severe exacerbations, during which Burkholderia cepacia complex was identified for the first time, while the pre-existing chronic infection with Candida parapsilosis persisted. These infections were managed with personalized antimicrobial strategies, including inhaled meropenem and inhaled amphotericin, alongside ETI, leading to sustained clinical stability during an 8-month follow-up. This case highlights the potential of organoid-based testing to guide personalized CFTR modulator therapy for rare variants and underscores the importance of individualized antimicrobial strategies in addressing the complexities of CF. Expanding regulatory approval for modulators like ETI to include rare variants is essential for equitable CF care.

PMID:40645349 | DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108238

EBioMedicine. 2025 Jul 10;118:105848. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105848. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR, an epithelial anion transport protein, responsible for, inter alia, sputum viscoelasticity in the lung. We previously identified the TNF receptor superfamily 1A TNFRSF1A (TNFR1) as a genetic modifier of CFTR function and disease severity in the CF twin and sibling study population. We aimed to replicate our findings in independent cohorts, assess the role of TNFR1 for patient survival and identify functional changes associated with TNFR1 polymorphisms.

METHODS: We incorporated data from three independent long-term mono- and multicentric cohorts of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) to confirm the previously described association of TNFR1 with CFTR function and to extend our study to include survival data for our local cohort and a pan-European cohort of pwCF. We studied TNFR1 transcripts obtained from primary airway epithelia grown as air-liquid interface cultures to address possible mechanisms involved in up-stream and down-stream effects of TNFR1.

FINDINGS: Survival differed by more than a decade when comparing carriers of contrasting TNFR1 genotypes among unrelated pwCF as well as among CF siblings pairs. The presence of the TNFR1 transcript variant TNFR1delEx2 in primary airway epithelia was associated with TNFR1 genotype.

INTERPRETATION: The association of the TNFR1 transcript variant TNFR1delEx2 associates with the TNFR1 genotype, possibly mediating the genotype-survival association we found regarding TNFR1 genotype and patient survival in cystic fibrosis.

FUNDING: Supported by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) (82DZL009B1 to MAM and 82DZL002A1, to GH, BT, AMD, FS) and the Mukoviszidose Institut gGmbH (MI-2002, to LN, AMD, FS).

PMID:40645008 | DOI:10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105848

J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2025 Jul 11. doi: 10.1177/15409996251359820. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with high-risk pregnancy and low rates of hormonal contraception use. Intersectional vulnerabilities among individuals with SCD in the United States raise historically and socially contingent questions about tubal sterilization (TS), yet immediate postpartum TS rates among individuals with SCD remain unknown. Methods: Using the 2012-2019 National Inpatient Sample, we conducted a repeated cross-sectional study to estimate the rate of TS among delivery hospitalizations for people with SCD, without SCD (non-SCD), Black people with and without SCD, and people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Logistic regression models estimated the adjusted odds of TS between SCD and comparison groups. Interaction analyses examined whether severe maternal morbidity (SMM) modified the association between TS and SCD. Results: After adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics, SCD had higher odds of TS compared with non-SCD deliveries (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.38 [1.06, 1.79]). Among deliveries coded with Black race, SCD deliveries had higher odds of TS than non-SCD deliveries (aOR = 1.42 [1.06, 1.90]). There was no difference in the odds of TS between SCD and CF deliveries (aOR = 1.0 [0.51, 2.24]). SMM more than doubled the odds of TS in SCD deliveries (interaction: aOR = 2.34 [1.57, 3.47]; aOR = 2.14 [1.40, 3.24] in Black race deliveries). Conclusion: Even after accounting for patient and hospital characteristics, people with SCD have higher odds of immediate postpartum TS compared with comparison groups. Possibly, SMM severity, patient preference, or clinician recommendations inform this finding. SMM is three to seven times more common in SCD than non-SCD pregnancies and may be a modifiable risk factor for TS in SCD deliveries.

PMID:40643898 | DOI:10.1177/15409996251359820

J Pediatr Psychol. 2025 Jul 11:jsaf035. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaf035. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Few reviews have evaluated culturally targeted interventions for youth who have chronic health conditions. This systematic review aimed to describe health, psychosocial, behavioral, and sociocultural outcomes of culturally targeted interventions among children from racially and ethnically minoritized backgrounds who have a chronic condition in the United States.

METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted (January 1, 2013 through July 1, 2023). We reviewed randomized and non-randomized controlled clinical trials investigating culturally targeted, psychologist-involved interventions among children (ages 0-18 years) from racially/ethnically minoritized backgrounds in the United States with obesity, asthma, diabetes, sickle cell disease, cancer, cystic fibrosis, epilepsy, lupus, arthritis, and human immunodeficiency virus. Studies were included that compared culturally targeted interventions to non-targeted interventions or no intervention. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Central, and PsycINFO. Covidence was used for data screening, assessment, and extraction. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias version 2 tool. Extracted outcome variables included child health and healthcare utilization, and child and parent psychosocial, behavioral, and sociocultural outcomes.

RESULTS: The review included one study evaluating the effectiveness of the Physician Asthma Care Education (PACE) intervention compared to PACE Plus, a culturally enhanced version, among African American and Latino youth with asthma. Participants included 112 primary care providers and 867 pediatric patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Health, psychosocial/behavioral, and sociocultural outcomes of culturally targeted interventions for racially and ethnically minoritized youth with chronic health conditions in the United States are unknown. Future research should prioritize the development and evaluation of culturally targeted interventions for these populations.

PMID:40641395 | DOI:10.1093/jpepsy/jsaf035

Oncoimmunology. 2025 Dec;14(1):2531113. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2025.2531113. Epub 2025 Jul 10.

ABSTRACT

Sertraline and indatraline are two antidepressants that function as serotonin reuptake inhibitors and have demonstrated promising anticancer potential, although their precise mechanisms of action remain unclear. Both compounds trigger cholesterol accumulation within lysosomes followed by lysosomal membrane permeabilization, ultimately leading to the activation of immunogenic cell death (ICD). This, in turn, triggers a T cell-mediated adaptive immune response that facilitates significant tumor control.

PMID:40635571 | PMC:PMC12247098 | DOI:10.1080/2162402X.2025.2531113

Eur Respir J. 2025 Jul 10:2500081. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00081-2025. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease that can lead to a substantial decline in lung function, ultimately leading to a significantly increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Despite the increasing global impact of bronchiectasis, no specific (or licensed) treatment for the disease currently exists, with most available therapies, though beneficial, focusing on symptom management and infection control. In part, the lack of specific treatments for bronchiectasis may be due to a lack of established biomarkers for the disease. Because bronchiectasis varies so widely in its clinical presentation and can be caused by various aetiologies, the establishment of validated biomarkers has proven challenging. However, identifying key biomarkers in bronchiectasis is crucial to developing appropriate diagnosis and management plans, as well as to measuring effective responses to treatment. While there is a multitude of potential biomarkers in bronchiectasis, almost all instances of bronchiectasis are underpinned by chronic neutrophilic inflammation. The imbalance in neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) and their endogenous inhibitors has been strongly linked to the lung destruction, mucosal-related defects, infection and worsening of clinical outcomes that are frequently observed in bronchiectasis. In this review, we discuss the various biomarkers linked to bronchiectasis, with a specific focus on NSPs as the most validated biomarkers in bronchiectasis, given their marked role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Lastly, we touch on potential therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing NSP activity in bronchiectasis, showing that, to date, indirect NSP inhibition appears to be the strategy that most effectively addresses chronic neutrophilic inflammation in bronchiectasis.

PMID:40639876 | DOI:10.1183/13993003.00081-2025