Literature Watch
[Systematic review of medication safety of Xiyanping injection in conformity with indications of package inserts].
[Systematic review of medication safety of Xiyanping injection in conformity with indications of package inserts].
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2016 Sep;41(18):3463-3472
Authors: Chen YY, Xie YM, Liao X, Chen HY
Abstract
To systematically review the medication safety of Xiyanping injection in conformity with indications of package inserts. Eight databases at home and abroad were searched for studies on the safety of Xiyanping injection. Literature screening, quality assessment, data extraction and analysis were performed according to internationally recognized inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 118 clinical studies included, and 94 studies were finally studied, including 70 randomized controlled trials and eight non-randomized controlled trials, involving 16 case reports, and 4 716 patients treated with Xiyanping injection, with 148 adverse drug reactions(ADR) and no adverse event(AE). Among them, 15 cases reported serious adverse drug reactions, including 1 vegetative state, 4 allergic shock and other general cardiovascular damages. Diarrhea was the most commonly reported ADR among the 133 general adverse reactions, accounting for 30.12%, which was followed by rash. Most of the studies adopted the dosage set forth in package inserts. Some current evidences showed that irrational combined administration and use of Xiyanping may cause some ADRs. Because the most of studies didn't report the medication process and patient conditions, we can't infer the relations between the ADR and the age or solvent. Clinicians shall judge the causality according to relevant provisions and standards, and report ADRs, so as to provide more evidences for evaluating the safety of the drug.
PMID: 28925133 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Elderly users of fall-risk-increasing drug perceptions of fall risk and the relation to their drug use - a qualitative study.
Elderly users of fall-risk-increasing drug perceptions of fall risk and the relation to their drug use - a qualitative study.
Scand J Prim Health Care. 2017 Sep;35(3):247-255
Authors: Bell HT, Steinsbekk A, Granas AG
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore how home-dwelling elderly who use fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) perceive their fall risk and how they relate this to their drug use.
DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS: A qualitative study with 14 home-dwelling elderly FRID users between 65 and 97 years in Central Norway participating in semi-structured individual interviews. The data were analyzed thematically by using systematic text condensation.
RESULTS: The main finding was that the informants did not necessarily perceive the use of FRIDs to be a prominent risk factor for falls. Some informants said they did not reflect upon drug use whatsoever and said they fully trusted their physician's choices. When either experiencing dizziness, fall episodes or by reading the patient information leaflet the informants said to either adjust their drug use or to contact their physician. Some felt rejected due to not getting their point across or their wish to alter the drug was not granted by the physician.
CONCLUSIONS: Elderly FRID users did not necessarily relate their drug use to fall risk or struggled to present their perceived drug-related problems. Physicians need to regularly inform, monitor and assess the drug treatment when treating elderly with FRIDs.
PMID: 28793815 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Acute memory deficits in chemotherapy-treated adults.
Acute memory deficits in chemotherapy-treated adults.
Memory. 2017 Nov;25(10):1327-1339
Authors: Lindner OC, Mayes A, McCabe MG, Talmi D
Abstract
Data from research on amnesia and epilepsy are equivocal with regards to the dissociation, shown in animal models, between rapid and slow long-term memory consolidation. Cancer treatments have lasting disruptive effects on memory and on brain structures associated with memory, but their acute effects on synaptic consolidation are unknown. We investigated the hypothesis that cancer treatment selectively impairs slow synaptic consolidation. Cancer patients and their matched controls were administered a novel list-learning task modelled on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Learning, forgetting, and retrieval were tested before, and one day after patients' first chemotherapy treatment. Due to difficulties recruiting cancer patients at that sensitive time, we were only able to study 10 patients and their matched controls. Patients exhibited treatment-dependent accelerated forgetting over 24 hours compared to their own pre-treatment performance and to the performance of control participants, in agreement with our hypothesis. The number of intrusions increased after treatment, suggesting retrieval deficits. Future research with larger samples should adapt our methods to distinguish between consolidation and retrieval causes for treatment-dependent accelerated forgetting. The presence of significant accelerated forgetting in our small sample is indicative of a potentially large acute effect of chemotherapy treatment on forgetting, with potentially clinically relevant implications.
PMID: 28285570 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
WITH AGE COMES A guide to helping older adults avoid harmful drug effects.
WITH AGE COMES A guide to helping older adults avoid harmful drug effects.
Diabetes Forecast. 2016 Nov;69(6):60-63
Authors: Holten J
PMID: 29693917 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Pharmacogenomics of drug-induced liver injury (DILI): Molecular biology to clinical applications.
Pharmacogenomics of drug-induced liver injury (DILI): Molecular biology to clinical applications.
J Hepatol. 2018 May 21;:
Authors: Kaliyaperumal K, Grove JI, Delahay RM, Griffiths WJH, Duckworth A, Aithal GP
Abstract
A number of drug-specific and host-related factors contribute to the development of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Investigations focused on genetic susceptibility to DILI have advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of this rare, yet potentially life-threatening adverse reaction. Candidate gene studies involving well-characterized patients with DILI and drug-exposed controls have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting the metabolism and clearance of specific drugs and hence, influencing individual's susceptibility to DILI. On the other hand, a series of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed a number of Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles that are associated with DILI secondary to compounds with dissimilar chemical structures, highlighting the role of adaptive immune responses in the development of liver damage. These risk alleles, such as HLA-DRB1∗15:02 illustrated by the example presented in the clinical vignette, determine the physicochemical properties of the peptide-binding grooves of the HLA molecules and increase the likelihood of DILI in a susceptible individual by altering the nature or the magnitude of immune-mediated liver injury. Associations of HLA alleles with DILI secondary to specific drugs can be translated into genetic tests, and when performed selectively, can improve the accuracy of diagnosis of DILI as well as assist in identifying the correct causal agent when the event could be attributed to more than one drug.
PMID: 29792895 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Computational functional genomics-based approaches in analgesic drug discovery and repurposing.
Computational functional genomics-based approaches in analgesic drug discovery and repurposing.
Pharmacogenomics. 2018 May 24;:
Authors: Lippmann C, Kringel D, Ultsch A, Lötsch J
Abstract
Persistent pain is a major healthcare problem affecting a fifth of adults worldwide with still limited treatment options. The search for new analgesics increasingly includes the novel research area of functional genomics, which combines data derived from various processes related to DNA sequence, gene expression or protein function and uses advanced methods of data mining and knowledge discovery with the goal of understanding the relationship between the genome and the phenotype. Its use in drug discovery and repurposing for analgesic indications has so far been performed using knowledge discovery in gene function and drug target-related databases; next-generation sequencing; and functional proteomics-based approaches. Here, we discuss recent efforts in functional genomics-based approaches to analgesic drug discovery and repurposing and highlight the potential of computational functional genomics in this field including a demonstration of the workflow using a novel R library 'dbtORA'.
PMID: 29792109 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Roles of long noncoding RNAs in colorectal cancer metastasis.
Roles of long noncoding RNAs in colorectal cancer metastasis.
Oncotarget. 2017 Jun 13;8(24):39859-39876
Authors: Li H, Ma SQ, Huang J, Chen XP, Zhou HH
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common malignancies worldwide. Metastasis is responsible for more than 90% CRC patients' death. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an important class of transcribed RNA molecules greater than 200 nucleotides in length. With the development of whole genome sequencing technologies, they have been gained more attention. Accumulating evidences suggest that abnormal expression of lncRNAs in diverse diseases are involved in various biological functions such as proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and differentiation by acting as epigenetic, splicing, transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulators. Aberrant expression of lncRNAs has also been found in CRC. Besides, recent studies have indicated that lncRNAs play important roles in tumourigenesis and cancer metastasis. They participate in the process of metastasis by activing or inhibiting the metastatic pathways. However, their functions on the development of cancer metastasis are poorly understood. In this review, we highlight the findings of roles for lncRNAs in CRC metastasis and review the metastatic pathways of lncRNAs leading to cancer metastasis in CRC, including escape of apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis and invasion, migration and proliferation. Furthermore, we also discuss the potential clinical application of lncRNAs in CRC as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
PMID: 28418892 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Fetal supraventricular tachycardia and cystic fibrosis: coincidence or association? Two case reports.
Fetal supraventricular tachycardia and cystic fibrosis: coincidence or association? Two case reports.
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2018 May 21;:
Authors: Mazeau PC, Aubard Y, Aubard V, Martin S, Bejjani L, Yardin C
PMID: 29793037 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Advocating for mutually beneficial access to shelved compounds.
Advocating for mutually beneficial access to shelved compounds.
Future Med Chem. 2018 May 23;:
Authors: Pulley JM, Jerome RN, Shirey-Rice JK, Zaleski NM, Naylor HM, Pruijssers AJ, Jackson JC, Bernard GR, Holroyd KJ
PMID: 29788759 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Request for Information (RFI): Strategies for Enhancing Postdoctoral Career Transitions to Promote Faculty Diversity
Cancer Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment Technologies for Low-Resource Settings (R41/R42 - Clinical Trial Optional)
Cancer Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment Technologies for Low-Resource Settings (R43/R44 - Clinical Trial Optional)
pharmacogenomics; +16 new citations
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"systems biology"; +40 new citations
40 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:
These pubmed results were generated on 2018/05/24
PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Genetic disorders and mortality in infancy and early childhood: delayed diagnoses and missed opportunities.
Genetic disorders and mortality in infancy and early childhood: delayed diagnoses and missed opportunities.
Genet Med. 2018 Apr 12;:
Authors: Wojcik MH, Schwartz TS, Yamin I, Edward HL, Genetti CA, Towne MC, Agrawal PB
Abstract
PurposeInfants admitted to a level IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) who do not survive early childhood are a population that is probably enriched for rare genetic disease; we therefore characterized their genetic diagnostic evaluation.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of infants admitted to our NICU between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2015 who were deceased at the time of records review, with age at death less than 5 years.ResultsA total of 2,670 infants were admitted; 170 later died. One hundred six of 170 (62%) had an evaluation for a genetic or metabolic disorder. Forty-seven of 170 (28%) had laboratory-confirmed genetic diagnoses, although 14/47 (30%) diagnoses were made postmortem. Infants evaluated for a genetic disorder spent more time in the NICU (median 13.5 vs. 5.0 days; p = 0.003), were older at death (median 92.0 vs. 17.5 days; p < 0.001), and had similarly high rates of redirection of care (86% vs. 79%; p = 0.28).ConclusionGenetic disorders were suspected in many infants but found in a minority. Approximately one-third of diagnosed infants died before a laboratory-confirmed genetic diagnosis was made. This highlights the need to improve genetic diagnostic evaluation in the NICU, particularly to support end-of-life decision making.Genetics in Medicine advance online publication, 12 April 2018; doi:10.1038/gim.2018.17.
PMID: 29790870 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Potential pathogenicity of Inquilinus limosus in a pediatric patient with cystic fibrosis.
Potential pathogenicity of Inquilinus limosus in a pediatric patient with cystic fibrosis.
Pediatr Pulmonol. 2018 May 23;:
Authors: Poore TS, Virella-Lowell I, Guimbellot JS
Abstract
PRESENTATION: Patient is a 6-year-old male with CF, MRSA colonization, and pancreatic insufficiency that presented with worsening ppFEV1 and systemic symptoms despite multiple interventions. BAL grew NTM, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Inquilinus limosus, a rare organism found in patients with CF.
COURSE: I. limosus treatment was deferred. Despite treatment of other pathogens, symptoms worsened. I. limosus was targeted with meropenem, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin along with clindamycin for MRSA colonization. Within weeks, symptoms had resolved with ppFEV1 improvement.
DISCUSSION: This case discusses the importance of a rare organism in the CF population. Targeting I. limosus was key to recovery, revealing its potential pathogenicity.
PMID: 29790674 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Applicability of a Web-Based, Individualized Exercise Intervention in Patients With Liver Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Esophageal Cancer, and Psychiatric Disorders: Process Evaluation of 4 Ongoing Clinical Trials.
Applicability of a Web-Based, Individualized Exercise Intervention in Patients With Liver Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Esophageal Cancer, and Psychiatric Disorders: Process Evaluation of 4 Ongoing Clinical Trials.
JMIR Res Protoc. 2018 May 22;7(5):e106
Authors: Pfirrmann D, Haller N, Huber Y, Jung P, Lieb K, Gockel I, Poplawska K, Schattenberg JM, Simon P
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In the primary and secondary prevention of civilization diseases, regular physical activity is recommended in international guidelines to improve disease-related symptoms, delay the progression of the disease, or to enhance postoperative outcomes. In the preoperative context, there has been a paradigm shift in favor of using preconditioning concepts before surgery. Web-based interventions seem an innovative and effective tool for delivering general information, individualized exercise recommendations, and peer support.
OBJECTIVE: Our first objective was to assess feasibility of our Web-based interventional concept and analyze similarities and differences in a sustained exercise implementation in different diseases. The second objective was to investigate the overall participants' satisfaction with our Web-based concept.
METHODS: A total of 4 clinical trials are still being carried out, including patients with esophageal carcinoma scheduled for oncologic esophagectomy (internet-based perioperative exercise program, iPEP, study), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (hepatic inflammation and physical performance in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, HELP, study), depression (exercise for depression, EXDEP, study), and cystic fibrosis (cystic fibrosis online mentoring for microbiome, exercise, and diet, COMMED, study). During the intervention period, the study population had access to the website with disease-specific content and a disease-specific discussion forum. All participants received weekly, individual tailored exercise recommendations from the sports therapist. The main outcome was the using behavior, which was obtained by investigating the log-in rate and duration.
RESULTS: A total of 20 participants (5 from each trial) were analyzed. During the intervention period, a regular contact and a consequent implementation of exercise prescription were easily achieved in all substudies. Across the 4 substudies, there was a significant decrease in log-in rates (P<.001) and log-in durations (P<.001) over time. A detailed view of the different studies shows a significant decrease in log-in rates and log-in durations in the HELP study (P=.004; P=.002) and iPEP study (P=.02; P=.001), whereas the EXDEP study (P=.58; P=.38) and COMMED study (P=.87; P=.56) showed no significant change over the 8-week intervention period. There was no significant change in physical activity within all studies (P=.31). Only in the HELP study, the physical activity level increased steadily over the period analyzed (P=.045). Overall, 17 participants (85%, 17/20) felt secure and were not scared of injury, with no major differences in the subtrials.
CONCLUSIONS: The universal use of the Web-based intervention appears to be applicable across the heterogonous collectives of our study patients with regard to age and disease. Although the development of physical activity shows only moderate improvements, flexible communication and tailored support could be easily integrated into patients' daily routine.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: iPEP study: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02478996; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02478996 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zL1UmHaW); HELP study: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02526732; http://www.webcitation.org/6zJjX7d6K (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6Nch4ldcL); EXDEP study: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02874833; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02874833 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zJjj7FuA).
PMID: 29789277 [PubMed]
Case Study: Cystic Fibrosis in the Newborn.
Case Study: Cystic Fibrosis in the Newborn.
Neonatal Netw. 2018 May 01;37(3):164-168
Authors: Saravia PA, Riley C
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is considered one of the most commonly occurring fatal genetic disorders. This disorder is associated with pancreatic insufficiency and pulmonary complications. However, at birth the initial complications are associated with bowel obstruction. Cystic fibrosis management warrants an interdisciplinary team because this disorder affects various organ systems. Effective management of the newborn with CF assists in improving the child's overall prognosis. Family support is critical throughout the prenatal and postnatal periods. The case presented reviews a child born with suspected CF and the clinical course within the NICU.
PMID: 29789057 [PubMed - in process]
Outcomes of lung transplantation in adults with bronchiectasis.
Outcomes of lung transplantation in adults with bronchiectasis.
BMC Pulm Med. 2018 May 22;18(1):82
Authors: Birch J, Sunny SS, Hester KLM, Parry G, Kate Gould F, Dark JH, Clark SC, Meachery G, Lordan J, Fisher AJ, Corris PA, De Soyza A
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation is a well-established treatment for end-stage non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (BR), though information regarding outcomes of transplantation remains limited. Our results of lung transplantation for Br are reported here.
METHODS: A retrospective review of case notes and transplantation databases was conducted for patients that had underwent lung transplantation for bronchiectasis at the Freeman Hospital between 1990 and 2013.
RESULTS: Fourty two BR patients underwent lung transplantation, the majority (39) having bilateral sequential lung transplantation. Mean age at transplantation was 47.1 years. Pre-transplantation osteoporosis was a significant non-pulmonary morbidity (48%). Polymicrobial infection was common, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection frequently but not universally observed (67%). Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (% predicted) improved from a pre-transplantation mean of 0.71 L (22% predicted) to 2.56 L (79 % predicted) at 1-year post-transplantation. Our survival results were 74% at 1 year, 64% at 3 years, 61% at 5 years and 48% at 10 years. Sepsis was a common cause of early post-transplantation deaths.
CONCLUSIONS: Lung transplantation for end-stage BR is a useful therapeutic option, with good survival and lung function outcomes. Survival values were similar to other bilateral lung transplants at our centre. Pre-transplantation Pseudomonas infection is common.
PMID: 29789006 [PubMed - in process]
Pathogenesis, imaging and clinical characteristics of CF and non-CF bronchiectasis.
Pathogenesis, imaging and clinical characteristics of CF and non-CF bronchiectasis.
BMC Pulm Med. 2018 May 22;18(1):79
Authors: Schäfer J, Griese M, Chandrasekaran R, Chotirmall SH, Hartl D
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a common feature of severe inherited and acquired pulmonary disease conditions. Among inherited diseases, cystic fibrosis (CF) is the major disorder associated with bronchiectasis, while acquired conditions frequently featuring bronchiectasis include post-infective bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mechanistically, bronchiectasis is driven by a complex interplay of inflammation and infection with neutrophilic inflammation playing a predominant role. The clinical characterization and management of bronchiectasis should involve a precise diagnostic workup, tailored therapeutic strategies and pulmonary imaging that has become an essential tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of bronchiectasis. Prospective future studies are required to optimize the diagnostic and therapeutic management of bronchiectasis, particularly in heterogeneous non-CF bronchiectasis populations.
PMID: 29788954 [PubMed - in process]
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