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Thinking Clinically from the Beginning: Early Introduction of the Pharmacists' Patient Care Process.

Am J Pharm Educ. 2016 Dec 25;80(10):164

Authors: Rivkin A

Abstract
Objective. To describe a student-centered teaching method used to introduce a pharmacist patient care process (PPCP) during the first year of a doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) program. Design. In the fall of 2014, a cohort of students (n=85) began an integrated pharmacotherapy (IPT) course sequence in the first semester of pharmacy school. The first course in this sequence laid the foundation for the delivery of care, focusing on the individual components of a PPCP. Faculty member used a variety of teaching methods in the course to introduce medication history taking, identification of drug-related problems, identifying components of a patient case, and learning/beginning to write subjective, objective, assessment, plan (SOAP) notes. Students' SOAP notes submissions and performance on multiple-choice examinations were evaluated to demonstrate evidence of learning. Students also completed online course evaluations. Assessment. Course-imbedded assessments were designed to measure student learning related to individual School of Pharmacy outcomes and course learning objectives. The mean individual student score on exam questions related to the PPCP topics was 83.7%±18.8%. The majority of students (86%-88%) rated their progress on achieving course learning objectives as "substantial" or "exceptional." Students also enrolled in the introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) in a community setting after completing the first IPT. The students performed significantly better than a historic cohort in identifying actual and potential drug therapy problems. Conclusion. The described teaching methods, when introduced in early curricular stages, are effective in building a foundation for learning PPCP.

PMID: 28179713 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Effect of Communication Style on Perceptions of Medication Side Effect Risk among Pharmacy Students.

Am J Pharm Educ. 2016 Oct 25;80(8):131

Authors: Sawant RV, Beatty CR, Sansgiry SS

Abstract
Objective. To assess the effect of communication style, and frequency and severity of medication side-effects, on pharmacy students' perception of risk of experiencing side effects. Methods. One hundred responses from pharmacy students were obtained using an online survey. Participants were presented with a drug information box containing drug name, drug usage, and one side-effect associated with the drug. Information on side-effect for each drug was presented in one of eight experimental conditions, in a 2 (side-effect frequency: low, high), X2 (side-effect severity: mild, severe) X2 (communication style: verbal, verbal + natural frequency) factorial design. Risk perception of experiencing side effects was measured. Results. Communication style was found to have a significant impact on risk perception depending on the context of frequency and severity associated with the side effect. Conclusion. Communication style plays a significant role in formulating risk perceptions of medication side effects. Training in pharmaceutical counseling should include special emphasis on effective language use.

PMID: 27899827 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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The FDA Revises Boxed Warning For Fluoroquinolones-Again.

Am J Nurs. 2016 Sep;116(9):22-3

Authors: Aschenbrenner DS

PMID: 27560334 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Sumatriptan Patch is Temporarily Suspended.

Am J Nurs. 2016 Sep;116(9):22

Authors: Aschenbrenner DS

PMID: 27560333 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Anaphylaxis.

Prim Care. 2016 Sep;43(3):477-85

Authors: Hernandez L, Papalia S, Pujalte GG

Abstract
Anaphylaxis is an acute, systemic reaction mediated by immunoglobulin E hypersensitivity. Release of bioactive factors causes vasodilation and bronchiole constriction that can lead to hypotensive shock and asphyxiation. Differential diagnosis includes acute asthma, localized angioedema, syncope, and anxiety/panic attacks. Diagnostic tests lack specificity. Clinical diagnosis is based on demonstration of specific airway or cardiovascular compromise within proximity of allergen exposure. Treatment includes epinephrine, antihistamines, fluid resuscitation, and airway management. Prevention focuses on awareness/avoidance of triggers, implementation of personalized action plans, as well as immune modulation by desensitization in a closely controlled setting where available.

PMID: 27545736 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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"Adaptive pathways" to drug authorisation: adapting to industry?

BMJ. 2016 Aug 16;354:i4437

Authors: Davis C, Lexchin J, Jefferson T, Gøtzsche P, McKee M

PMID: 27531201 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Safety and tolerability of regadenoson for myocardial perfusion imaging - first Danish experience.

Scand Cardiovasc J. 2016 Jun;50(3):180-6

Authors: Pape M, Zacho HD, Aarøe J, Eggert Jensen S, Petersen LJ

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Evaluating safety and tolerability of the selective A2A receptor agonist, regadenoson, in patients referred for single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).
DESIGN: Observational study of patients referred for MPI stress testing using a 400 μg regadenoson (Rapiscan(®)) bolus. Hemodynamic variables and severity of adverse events (AE) were recorded before, during, and after administration.
RESULTS: A total of 232 patients were included. One or more AE were reported in 90% of patients; the AEs were graded mostly mild to moderate in severity, resolved spontaneously, and were mainly dyspnea, headache, and chest pain. No advanced heart block or bronchospasm were seen. Transient ST-segment changes developed in 10 patients. The maximum increase in heart rate was 19 ± 11 beats/minute. The mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 144 to 139 mmHg (p < 0.0001). Medical intervention was required in three patients: one case with severe hypotension and two cases with chest pain that was relieved with sublingual nitroglycerin. One patient died the day after stress MPI for reasons considered unrelated to regadenoson.
CONCLUSION: Regadenoson for MPI is easy to use with a high frequency of AEs, which are generally mild in severity, transient, and resolve spontaneously.

PMID: 26956081 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Medication Errors: A Case-Based Review.

AACN Adv Crit Care. 2016 Feb;27(1):5-11

Authors: Pop M, Finocchi M

PMID: 26909446 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Funding Opportunity RFA-HL-18-014 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The goal of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to establish up to four Centers for the Investigation of Factor VIII immunogenicity (FVIII Centers). These Centers will utilize cross-disciplinary science and novel technologies to define the basic mechanisms involved in the development of anti-FVIII neutralizing antibodies, also known as FVIII inhibitors, in patients with congenital hemophilia A.

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