Funding Opportunity PA-18-079 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. Despite significant scientific advancements made in substance use disorder research over the last century, the causes and consequences of drug use in later life remain poorly understood. The intent of this funding opportunity announcement is to support innovative research that examines aspects of marijuana and prescription opioid and benzodiazepine use in adults aged 50 and older. This FOA encourages research that examines the determinants of these types of drug use and/or characterizes the resulting neurobiological alterations, associated behaviors, and public health consequences. This initiative will focus on two distinct populations of older adults: individuals with earlier onset of drug use who are now entering this stage of adult development or individuals who initiate drug use after the age of 50. Applications are encouraged to utilize broad methodologies ranging from basic science, clinical, and epidemiological approaches. The insights gleaned from this initiative are critical to our understanding of the determinants of drug use in later life, as well as its consequences in the aging brain and on behavior. This knowledge may have the potential to identify risk factors and to guide clinical practices in older populations.

Funding Opportunity PA-18-078 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. Long-term misuse and chronic exposure to abused substances can produce widespread changes in brain structure and function. Although much progress has been made, additional research is still needed to identify the neurobiological changes that result from substance use, and how these changes contribute to substance use disorders. The overarching goals of the research areas described in this FOA are to understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying substance use disorders, with special emphasis on identifying changes and neuroadaptations that occur during dependence, withdrawal, and relapse to chronic substance use. An understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying substance use disorders can help to identify targets for prevention and treatment interventions. Research utilizing basic, translational, or clinical approaches is appropriate.

Funding Opportunity PA-18-061 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. Despite significant scientific advancements made in substance use disorder research over the last century, the causes and consequences of drug use in later life remain poorly understood. The intent of this funding opportunity announcement is to support innovative research that examines aspects of marijuana and prescription opioid and benzodiazepine use in adults aged 50 and older. This FOA encourages research that examines the determinants of these types of drug use and/or characterizes the resulting neurobiological alterations, associated behaviors, and public health consequences. This initiative will focus on two distinct populations of older adults: individuals with earlier onset of drug use who are now entering this stage of adult development or individuals who initiate drug use after the age of 50. Applications are encouraged to utilize broad methodologies ranging from basic science, clinical, and epidemiological approaches. The insights gleaned from this initiative are critical to our understanding of the determinants of drug use in later life, as well as its consequences in the aging brain and on behavior. This knowledge may have the potential to identify risk factors and to guide clinical practices in older populations.

Funding Opportunity PA-18-060 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. Long-term misuse and chronic exposure to abused substances can produce widespread changes in brain structure and function. Although much progress has been made, additional research is still needed to identify the neurobiological changes that result from substance use, and how these changes contribute to substance use disorders. The overarching goals of the research areas described in this FOA are to understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying substance use disorders, with special emphasis on identifying changes and neuroadaptations that occur during dependence, withdrawal, and relapse to chronic substance use. An understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying substance use disorders can help to identify targets for prevention and treatment interventions. Research utilizing basic, translational, or clinical approaches is appropriate.

Funding Opportunity PA-18-046 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage applications from the scientific community to support outstanding research in the area of puberty and the trajectory of sexual development. New technologies and approaches are needed to fill knowledge gaps and advance understanding of normative sexual development in both males and females. It is anticipated that the findings of studies supported by this FOA will advance knowledge of puberty and the establishment of reproductive competence

Funding Opportunity PA-18-045 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage applications from the scientific community to support outstanding research in the area of puberty and the trajectory of sexual development. New technologies and approaches are needed to fill knowledge gaps and advance understanding of normative sexual development in both males and females. It is anticipated that the findings of studies supported by this FOA will advance knowledge of puberty and the establishment of reproductive competence.

Funding Opportunity PA-18-044 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to (1) promote preclinical, translational, clinical and epidemiological research in pain medications use in children or in pregnant women to fill knowledge gaps in safe use of the pain medications in these special populations; and (2) develop effective instruments or approaches to assess and evaluate maternal and child outcomes of pain medication treatments.

Funding Opportunity PA-18-043 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to (1) promote preclinical, translational, clinical and epidemiological research in pain medications use in children or in pregnant women to fill knowledge gaps in the safe use of the pain medications in these special populations; and (2) develop effective instruments or approaches to assess and evaluate maternal and child outcomes of pain medication treatment.

Funding Opportunity PA-18-038 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to (1) promote preclinical, translational, clinical and epidemiological research in pain medications use in children or in pregnant women to fill knowledge gaps in safe use of the pain medications in these special populations; and (2) develop effective instruments or approaches to assess and evaluate maternal and child outcomes of pain medication treatments.

Funding Opportunity PA-18-033 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage applications from the scientific community to support outstanding research in the area of puberty and the trajectory of sexual development. Research using new technologies and approaches is needed to fill knowledge gaps and advance understanding of normative sexual development in both males and females. It is anticipated that the findings of studies supported by this FOA will advance knowledge of puberty and the establishment of reproductive competence.

Funding Opportunity PAR-18-017 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages investigators to submit research grant applications that will identify, develop, test, evaluate and/or refine strategies to disseminate and implement evidence-based practices (e.g. behavioral interventions; prevention, early detection, diagnostic, treatment and disease management interventions; quality improvement programs) into public health, clinical practice, and community settings. In addition, studies to advance dissemination and implementation research methods and measures are encouraged.

Funding Opportunity PAR-18-016 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages transdisciplinary and translational research that will identify the specific biological or biobehavioral pathways through which physical activity and/or weight control (either weight loss or avoidance of weight gain) may affect cancer prognosis and survival. Research applications should test the effects of physical activity, alone or in combination with weight control (either weight loss or avoidance of weight gain), on biomarkers of cancer prognosis among cancer survivors identified by previous animal or observational research on established biomarkers other than insulin/glucose metabolism, especially those obtained from tumor tissue sourced from repeat biopsies where available. Because many cancer survivor populations will not experience recurrence but will die of comorbid diseases or may experience early effects of aging, inclusion of biomarkers of comorbid diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease) and of the aging process are also sought. Applications should use experimental designs (e.g., randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), fractional factorial designs), and will include transdisciplinary approaches that bring together behavioral intervention expertise, cancer biology, and other basic and clinical science disciplines relevant to the pathways being studied.

Funding Opportunity PA-18-015 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to promote research on interventions, based in healthcare settings, designed to reduce overscreening for breast, cervical, or colorectal cancers among average-risk older adults. While ongoing efforts to promote screening have been successful, there is growing concern that these tests may be overused, thereby subjecting adults to unnecessary risks. Overscreening older adults may be driven by factors at the individual, healthcare team, healthcare system and community organization levels. Therefore, research is needed both to understand the factors that drive overuse and to develop and test interventions that will reduce overuse in healthcare delivery systems. Research supported by this FOA should propose to intervene at two or more levels, and should measure outcomes at two or more levels, while accounting for interactions that occur between levels. Research supported by this FOA should enhance knowledge and consequences of overscreening to improve the health, independence, and quality of life of older adults. adults.

Funding Opportunity PA-18-014 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to encourage exploratory/developmental research grant applications to: (1) assess and describe the current state of oral anticancer medication utilization, delivery, and adherence; (2) identify structural, systemic, and psychosocial barriers to adherence; and (3) develop models and strategies to improve safe and effective delivery of these agents so that clinical outcomes are optimized. Applications should focus research questions on at least one of the following: specific cancer type; class of drugs; and/or groups subject to disparities (e.g., elderly populations, members of low socioeconomic groups, racial/ethnic minorities). Research may be focused at the patient (pediatric, adolescent, or adult), patient-caregiver, provider, health care team, or health care delivery system level, and may include intervention studies, observational studies, or mixed-methods studies. Observational studies should emphasize modifiable risk factors for future intervention research.

Funding Opportunity PAR-18-007 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages investigators to submit research grant applications that will identify, develop, test, evaluate and/or refine strategies to disseminate and implement evidence-based practices (e.g. behavioral interventions; prevention, early detection, diagnostic, treatment and disease management interventions; quality improvement programs) into public health, clinical practice, and community settings. In addition, studies to advance dissemination and implementation research methods and measures are encouraged.

Funding Opportunity PAR-18-006 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages transdisciplinary and translational research that will identify the specific biological or biobehavioral pathways through which physical activity and/or weight control (either weight loss or avoidance of weight gain) may affect cancer prognosis and survival. Research applications should test the effects of physical activity, alone or in combination with weight control (either weight loss or avoidance of weight gain), on biomarkers of cancer prognosis among cancer survivors identified by previous animal or observational research on established biomarkers other than insulin/glucose metabolism, especially those obtained from tumor tissue sourced from repeat biopsies where available. Because many cancer survivor populations will not experience recurrence but will die of comorbid diseases or may experience early effects of aging, inclusion of biomarkers of comorbid diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease) and of the aging process are also sought. Applications should use experimental designs (e.g., randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), fractional factorial designs), and include transdisciplinary approaches that bring together behavioral intervention expertise, cancer biology, and other basic and clinical science disciplines relevant to the pathways being studied.

Funding Opportunity PA-18-005 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to promote research on interventions, based in healthcare settings, designed to reduce overscreening for breast, cervical, or colorectal cancers among average-risk older adults. While ongoing efforts to promote screening have been successful, there is growing concern that these tests may be overused, thereby subjecting adults to unnecessary risks. Overscreening older adults may be driven by factors at the individual, healthcare team, healthcare system and community organization levels. Therefore, research is needed both to understand the factors that drive overuse and to develop and test interventions that will reduce overuse in healthcare delivery systems. Research supported by this FOA should propose to intervene at two or more levels, and should measure outcomes at two or more levels, while accounting for interactions that occur between levels. Research supported by this FOA should enhance knowledge and consequences of overscreening to improve the health, independence, and quality of life of older adults.

Funding Opportunity PA-18-004 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to encourage research grant applications to: (1) assess and describe the current state of oral anticancer medication utilization, delivery, and adherence; (2) identify structural, systemic, and psychosocial barriers to adherence; and (3) develop models and strategies to improve safe and effective delivery of these agents so that clinical outcomes are optimized. Applications should focus research questions on at least one of the following: specific cancer type; class of drugs; and/or groups subject to disparities (e.g., elderly populations, members of low socioeconomic groups, racial/ethnic minorities). Research may be focused at the patient (pediatric, adolescent, or adult), patient-caregiver, provider, health care team, or health care delivery system level, and may include intervention studies, observational studies, or mixed-methods studies. Observational studies should emphasize modifiable risk factors for future intervention research.

Notice NOT-MH-18-006 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts

Notice NOT-MH-18-005 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts